Analysis of Venezuelan Education Based on Liberal, Utilitarian, Communitarian, and Critical Philosophy
Analysis of Venezuelan Education Based on Liberal, Utilitarian, Communitarian, and Critical Philosophy
Keywords:
Liberalism, Utilitarianism, Communitarianism, Critical Theory, Education
Abstract
This article analyzes the evolution of the Venezuelan educational system from 1870 to the present, examining how it has been shaped by four philosophical currents: liberalism, utilitarianism, communitarianism, and critical theory. Unlike the original text, which was limited to describing influences, this study proposes a critical interpretation that explicitly links the theoretical postulates of each philosophy with concrete educational policies, highlighting tensions and contradictions. Through qualitative documentary analysis, it demonstrates that education in Venezuela is not a linear reflection of a single paradigm, but rather an ideological battleground where these approaches coexist and clash. It concludes that overcoming the current educational crisis requires a synthesis that prioritizes quality, critical thinking, and inclusion, transcending the political instrumentalization of the system.
References
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Pacheco, D. (2024). Políticas públicas educativas en dos realidades: Venezuela y Ecuador (Trabajo de Grado de Maestría). Universidad Central de Venezuela http://saber.ucv.ve/bitstream/10872/22826/1/Trabajo%20de%20Grado%20Derwin%20Pacheco_Disen%CC%83o%20de%20Poli%CC%81tica.pdf
Kelly, D. (2023). Habermasian Discourse Theory for Educational Policymaking: Attending to Perspective Taking and Communicative Agency. Philosophical Inquiry in Education, 30(1), 56–67. https://doi.org/10.7202/1099902ar
Terry, P. R. (1997). Habermas and education: knowledge, communication, discourse. Curriculum Studies, 5(3), 269–279. https://doi.org/10.1080/14681369700200019
Quinn, J. (2021). Using Foucault to examine current U.S. sex education policy. The Graduate Center, City University of New York. Recuperado de https://traue.commons.gc.cuny.edu/using-foucault-to-examine-current-u-s-sex-education-policy/
Xu, RH. (2024). Understanding Higher Education Enrolment Through Michel Foucault’s Biopolitics. In: Y.S. Low, R., Egan, S., Bell, A. (eds) Using Social Theory in Higher Education. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-39817-9_12
Lasswell, H. D. (1971). A pre-view of policy sciences. American Elsevier Publishing Company.
Pérez Jiménez, C., (2012). Pensar un proyecto decolonial: la educación venezolana en perspectiva. Ra Ximhai, 8(2), 307-344. https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=46123366014
Benavides, M., & Gómez-Restrepo, C. (2005). Métodos en investigación cualitativa: triangulación. Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatría, XXXIV(1), 118-124. https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=80628403009
García, D. R. (2009). El peso del Estado en la educación. Una aproximación crítica desde la economía liberal. Revista Española de Pedagogía, 67(244). https://www.revistadepedagogia.org/rep/vol67/iss244/8
Lyons, C. W. (2015). Defending liberal education: Implications for educational policy (Tesis de maestría). Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository. https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/3313
García, M., (2007). Una Introducción al Comunitarismo desde la perspectiva del Derecho Político. Aposta. Revista de Ciencias Sociales, https://scispace.com/pdf/una-introduccion-al-comunitarismo-desde-la-perspectiva-del-1v7g6sptsg.pdf
Golby, M. (1997). Communitarianism and education . Curriculum Studies, 5(2), 125–138. https://doi.org/10.1080/14681369700200010
Easton, D (1965). Esquema para el análisis político. Amorrou Editores. https://revistanotaalpie.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/80379724-easton-esquema-para-el-analisis-politico-libro-completo.pdf
Ministerio de Educación y Deportes De Venezuela (2004). Políticas, programas y estrategias de la educación venezolana. Informe Nacional de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela. Caracas, Venezuela. https://planipolis.iiep.unesco.org/sites/default/files/ressources/venezuela_ibe_47_part_1.pdf
Núñez, I. ,Morales, E., & Díaz, I. (2007). El replanteamiento de las políticas educativas en Venezuela. Gaceta Laboral, 13(3), 382-398. https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/336/33613304.pdf
Ortega, R. (2004). Amartya Sen: Utilitarianism, Ethics and Public Policy. Revista Latinoamericana de Desarrollo Económico, (2), 149-152. http://www.scielo.org.bo/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2074-47062004000100008&lng=es&tlng=es.
Owiti, G., Juma, F., & Ronoh, T. (2024). The place of utilitarianism in promoting education in public universities in Kenya: A philosophical analysis. Egerton Journal, 13, 148-160. https://eujournal.egerton.ac.ke/index.php/ejh/article/view/131
Pacheco, D. (2024). Políticas públicas educativas en dos realidades: Venezuela y Ecuador (Trabajo de Grado de Maestría). Universidad Central de Venezuela http://saber.ucv.ve/bitstream/10872/22826/1/Trabajo%20de%20Grado%20Derwin%20Pacheco_Disen%CC%83o%20de%20Poli%CC%81tica.pdf
Kelly, D. (2023). Habermasian Discourse Theory for Educational Policymaking: Attending to Perspective Taking and Communicative Agency. Philosophical Inquiry in Education, 30(1), 56–67. https://doi.org/10.7202/1099902ar
Terry, P. R. (1997). Habermas and education: knowledge, communication, discourse. Curriculum Studies, 5(3), 269–279. https://doi.org/10.1080/14681369700200019
Quinn, J. (2021). Using Foucault to examine current U.S. sex education policy. The Graduate Center, City University of New York. Recuperado de https://traue.commons.gc.cuny.edu/using-foucault-to-examine-current-u-s-sex-education-policy/
Xu, RH. (2024). Understanding Higher Education Enrolment Through Michel Foucault’s Biopolitics. In: Y.S. Low, R., Egan, S., Bell, A. (eds) Using Social Theory in Higher Education. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-39817-9_12
Lasswell, H. D. (1971). A pre-view of policy sciences. American Elsevier Publishing Company.
Pérez Jiménez, C., (2012). Pensar un proyecto decolonial: la educación venezolana en perspectiva. Ra Ximhai, 8(2), 307-344. https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=46123366014
Benavides, M., & Gómez-Restrepo, C. (2005). Métodos en investigación cualitativa: triangulación. Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatría, XXXIV(1), 118-124. https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=80628403009
Published
2024-09-18
How to Cite
Pérez Briceño, J. D. (2024). Analysis of Venezuelan Education Based on Liberal, Utilitarian, Communitarian, and Critical Philosophy: Analysis of Venezuelan Education Based on Liberal, Utilitarian, Communitarian, and Critical Philosophy. Opción, 40(105), 49-65. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17186917
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Artículos
