Determinantes de la estructura organizacional de proyectos organizacionales
Palabras clave:
Estructura organizacional, liderazgo, diseño estructural, gestión de proyectos
Resumen
La estructura organizacional de los proyectos constituye un factor estratégico que influye directamente en la eficiencia operativa, asignación de recursos y cumplimiento de objetivos. El objetivo fue identificar los factores de diseño estructural más utilizados por organizaciones en América Latina. La investigación adoptó un enfoque mixto: se aplicó un análisis cualitativo basado en entrevistas semiestructuradas a líderes de proyectos de diversos países, empleando codificación mediante el software MAXQDA; paralelamente, se incorporó un análisis cuantitativo para evaluar la importancia y el impacto percibido de los factores priorizados mediante un análisis correlacional y de componentes. Los hallazgos permitieron identificar 37 factores de diseño organizacional reportados por expertos mediante análisis cualitativo. Posteriormente, se aplicaron procedimientos cuantitativos de síntesis estadística (índice compuesto y análisis de componentes principales) sobre los factores evaluados por importancia e impacto. Se concluye que el diseño estructural no responde a arquetipos normativos, sino que constituye un proceso adaptativo moldeado por 7 factores al momento de decidir una estructura organizacional de proyectos en las empresas.
Citas
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Gonzalez, J. L., & Fierro, I. (2025). From Rigid Models to Agile Teams: Lessons from Project Organizational Structures for Educational Planning and Innovation. Journal of Educational and Social Research, 15(3), 230–248. https://doi.org/10.36941/jesr-2025-0094
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Hetemi, E., Pemsel, S., Söderlund, J., & Jerbrant, A. (2025). Projecting for sustainability transitions: Contrasting two types of project-oriented agency. International Journal of Project Management, 43(5). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2025.102721
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Jun Park, H., & Jeong Park, M. (2009). Types of network governance and network performance: Community development project case. International Review of Public Administration, 13, 91–105. https://doi.org/10.1080/12294659.2009.10805142
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Lincoln, Y., & Guba, E. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. Sage Publications.
Lundin, R. A., & Soderholm, A. (1995). A theory of the temporary organization. Scandinavian Journal of Management, It(4), 437–455. https://doi.org/10.1016/0956-5221(95)00036-U
Maddaloni, F. Di, Meira, L. H., de Andrade, M. O., de Melo, I. R., Castro, A., & Locatelli, G. (2025). The dark legacy of megaprojects: A case of local disengagement, missed opportunities, and social value dissipation. International Journal of Project Management, 43(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2025.102676
Might, R., & Fischer, W. (1985). The Role of Structural Factors in Determining Project Management Success. IEEE, EM-32(2), 71–77. https://doi.org/10.1109/TEM.1985.6447584
Miterev, M., Turner, J. R., & Mancini, M. (2017). The organization design perspective on the project-based organization: a structured review. International Journal of Managing Projects in Business, 10(3), 527–549. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJMPB-06-2016-0048
Modig, N. (2007). A continuum of organizations formed to carry out projects: Temporary and stationary organization forms. International Journal of Project Management, 25(8), 807–814. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2007.03.008
Musawir, A. ul, Abd-Karim, S. B., & Mohd-Danuri, M. S. (2020). Project governance and its role in enabling organizational strategy implementation: A systematic literature review. International Journal of Project Management, 38(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2019.09.007
Nyman, H. J., & Öörni, A. (2023). Successful projects or success in project management-are projects dependent on a methodology? International Journal of Information Systems and Project Management, 11(4), 5–25. https://doi.org/10.12821/ijispm110401
Otley, D. (2016). The contingency theory of management accounting and control: 1980-2014. Management Accounting Research, 31, 45–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mar.2016.02.001
Patanakul, P., Chen, J., & Lynn, G. S. (2012). Autonomous teams and new product development. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 29(5), 734–750. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5885.2012.00934.x
Rubin, H., & Rubin, I. (2012). Qualitative interviewing: The art of hearing data (3ra Edition). Sage Publications.
San Cristóbal, J. R., Fernández, V., & Diaz, E. (2018). An analysis of the main project organizational structures: Advantages, disadvantages, and factors affecting their selection. Procedia Computer Science, 138, 791–798. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2018.10.103
Shenhar, A. J. (2001). One size does not fit all projects: Exploring classical contingency domains. Management Science, 47(3), 394–414. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.47.3.394.9772
Smyth, H., Klakegg, O. J., & Knotten, V. (2025). Client management in the project domain: towards conceptual integration using cross-disciplinary research. International Journal of Project Management, 43(4). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2025.102723
Stingl, V., Gilchrist, A., Lawani, A., Flin, R., & Zwikael, O. (2025). Thinking is for doing: Project cognition as the foundation of project behaviour. International Journal of Project Management, 43(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2025.102678
Swart, K., Bond-Barnard, T., & Chugh, R. (2022). Challenges and critical success factors of digital communication, collaboration and knowledge sharing in project management virtual teams: a review. International Journal of Information Systems and Project Management, 10(4), 59–75. https://doi.org/10.12821/ijispm100404
Tshabalala, M., & Marnewick, C. (2025). A framework for managing projects that integrate 4IR technologies. International Journal of Information Systems and Project Management, 13(3), 1–30. https://doi.org/10.12821/ijispm130302
Turner, R., & Miterev, M. (2019). The Organizational Design of the Project-Based Organization. Project Management Journal, 50(4), 487–498. https://doi.org/10.1177/8756972819859746
Atli, K., & Krystallis, I. (2025). Design flexibility in managing infrastructure projects: Contributing factors and research avenues. International Journal of Project Management, 43(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2025.102675
Aubry, M., & Lavoie-Tremblay, M. (2018). Rethinking organizational design for managing multiple projects. International Journal of Project Management, 36(1), 12–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2017.05.012
Barbosa, M. T. J., & Carvalho, M. M. (2025). Enhancing sensing capabilities in project-based organizations: the role of knowledge transfer between commercial and operational teams. International Journal of Project Management, 43(5). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2025.102724
Burke, C. M., & Morley, M. J. (2016). On temporary organizations: A review, synthesis and research agenda. Human Relations, 69(6), 1235–1258. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726715610809
Creswell, J. (2014). Research Design. Qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods approaches (4ed.). Sage.
Daft, R. (2007). Organization theory and design (9th Edition). Thomson.
Donaldson, L. (2006). The contingency theory of organizational desing: Challenges and opportunities. Organization Design, 6, 20–40. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-34173-0_2
Dumitrascu-Băldău, I., Dumitrascu, D. D., & Dobrota, G. (2021). Predictive model for the factors influencing international project success: A data mining approach. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/su13073819
El-Sayegh, S., Sharqawi, M., Kashif, M., Nikoula, N., & Alhimairee, M. (2016). Significant factors affecting the size and structure of project organizations. IEEE, 1, 2–5. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIMSA.2016.7504032
George, C. (2018). How Organizational Structures Affect Project Outcomes. International Journal of Science and Research. https://doi.org/10.21275/SR20217013035
Glaser, B., & Strauss, A. (1967). The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research. Aldine Publishing Company.
Gonzalez, J. L., & Fierro, I. (2025). From Rigid Models to Agile Teams: Lessons from Project Organizational Structures for Educational Planning and Innovation. Journal of Educational and Social Research, 15(3), 230–248. https://doi.org/10.36941/jesr-2025-0094
Gorsuch, R. L. (1983). Factor Analysis (2nd ed.). Lawrence Erlbaum.
Grecu, I., Nechita, R. M., Ulerich, O., & Dumitrescu, C. I. (2025). Multi-Attribute Decision-Making for Intelligent Allocation of Human Resources in Industrial Projects. Administrative Sciences, 15(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15050181
Hair, J., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate Data Analysis (7th Edition). Pearson.
Hetemi, E., Pemsel, S., Söderlund, J., & Jerbrant, A. (2025). Projecting for sustainability transitions: Contrasting two types of project-oriented agency. International Journal of Project Management, 43(5). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2025.102721
Hobday, M. (2000). The project-based organisation: an ideal form for managing complex products and systems? In Research Policy (Vol. 29). www.elsevier.nlrlocatereconbase
Jolliffe, I. T. (2002). Principal Component Analysis (2nd ed.). Springer.
Joslin, R., & Müller, R. (2015). Relationships between a project management methodology and project success in different project governance contexts. International Journal of Project Management, 33(6), 1377–1392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2015.03.005
Joslin, R., & Müller, R. (2016). The relationship between project governance and project success. International Journal of Project Management, 34(4), 613–626. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2016.01.008
Jun Park, H., & Jeong Park, M. (2009). Types of network governance and network performance: Community development project case. International Review of Public Administration, 13, 91–105. https://doi.org/10.1080/12294659.2009.10805142
Kearney, J., Bond-Barnard, T., & Chugh, R. (2024). Soft skills and learning methods for 21st-century project management: a review. International Journal of Information Systems and Project Management, 12(4), 5–20. https://doi.org/10.12821/ijispm120401
Li, J., & Yazid, Z. (2024). Examining the impact of leadership styles and decision-making processes on conflict management and project success in virtual teams: a modern project management perspective. Journal of Modern Project Management, 12(2), 50–67. https://doi.org/10.19255/JMPM3504
Lincoln, Y., & Guba, E. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. Sage Publications.
Lundin, R. A., & Soderholm, A. (1995). A theory of the temporary organization. Scandinavian Journal of Management, It(4), 437–455. https://doi.org/10.1016/0956-5221(95)00036-U
Maddaloni, F. Di, Meira, L. H., de Andrade, M. O., de Melo, I. R., Castro, A., & Locatelli, G. (2025). The dark legacy of megaprojects: A case of local disengagement, missed opportunities, and social value dissipation. International Journal of Project Management, 43(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2025.102676
Might, R., & Fischer, W. (1985). The Role of Structural Factors in Determining Project Management Success. IEEE, EM-32(2), 71–77. https://doi.org/10.1109/TEM.1985.6447584
Miterev, M., Turner, J. R., & Mancini, M. (2017). The organization design perspective on the project-based organization: a structured review. International Journal of Managing Projects in Business, 10(3), 527–549. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJMPB-06-2016-0048
Modig, N. (2007). A continuum of organizations formed to carry out projects: Temporary and stationary organization forms. International Journal of Project Management, 25(8), 807–814. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2007.03.008
Musawir, A. ul, Abd-Karim, S. B., & Mohd-Danuri, M. S. (2020). Project governance and its role in enabling organizational strategy implementation: A systematic literature review. International Journal of Project Management, 38(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2019.09.007
Nyman, H. J., & Öörni, A. (2023). Successful projects or success in project management-are projects dependent on a methodology? International Journal of Information Systems and Project Management, 11(4), 5–25. https://doi.org/10.12821/ijispm110401
Otley, D. (2016). The contingency theory of management accounting and control: 1980-2014. Management Accounting Research, 31, 45–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mar.2016.02.001
Patanakul, P., Chen, J., & Lynn, G. S. (2012). Autonomous teams and new product development. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 29(5), 734–750. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5885.2012.00934.x
Rubin, H., & Rubin, I. (2012). Qualitative interviewing: The art of hearing data (3ra Edition). Sage Publications.
San Cristóbal, J. R., Fernández, V., & Diaz, E. (2018). An analysis of the main project organizational structures: Advantages, disadvantages, and factors affecting their selection. Procedia Computer Science, 138, 791–798. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2018.10.103
Shenhar, A. J. (2001). One size does not fit all projects: Exploring classical contingency domains. Management Science, 47(3), 394–414. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.47.3.394.9772
Smyth, H., Klakegg, O. J., & Knotten, V. (2025). Client management in the project domain: towards conceptual integration using cross-disciplinary research. International Journal of Project Management, 43(4). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2025.102723
Stingl, V., Gilchrist, A., Lawani, A., Flin, R., & Zwikael, O. (2025). Thinking is for doing: Project cognition as the foundation of project behaviour. International Journal of Project Management, 43(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2025.102678
Swart, K., Bond-Barnard, T., & Chugh, R. (2022). Challenges and critical success factors of digital communication, collaboration and knowledge sharing in project management virtual teams: a review. International Journal of Information Systems and Project Management, 10(4), 59–75. https://doi.org/10.12821/ijispm100404
Tshabalala, M., & Marnewick, C. (2025). A framework for managing projects that integrate 4IR technologies. International Journal of Information Systems and Project Management, 13(3), 1–30. https://doi.org/10.12821/ijispm130302
Turner, R., & Miterev, M. (2019). The Organizational Design of the Project-Based Organization. Project Management Journal, 50(4), 487–498. https://doi.org/10.1177/8756972819859746
Publicado
2026-04-23
Cómo citar
Gonzalez, J. L., & Fierro, I. (2026). Determinantes de la estructura organizacional de proyectos organizacionales. Revista Venezolana De Gerencia, 31(15), e31e1519. Recuperado a partir de https://produccioncientifica.luz.edu.ve/index.php/rvg/article/view/45491
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