Innovación en las Pymes: Implementación, problemáticas y soluciones
Palabras clave:
Innovación, pymes, desafíos, estrategias, cultura de innovación
Resumen
En el contexto económico mexicano, las pequeñas y medianas empresas enfrentan múltiples desafíos que limitan su capacidad de innovar y mantenerse competitivas en un entorno cada vez más dinámico y globalizado. Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar las principales problemáticas que obstaculizan los procesos de innovación en las Pymes mexicanas y proponer soluciones prácticas para superarlas. La revisión se realizó mediante un enfoque narrativo, seleccionando y analizando fuentes académicas, informes oficiales y artículos relacionados. Se identifican barreras como la escasez de recursos financieros, la limitada capacitación del personal y las dificultades para acceder a tecnologías avanzadas. Entre las estrategias recomendadas se destacan la implementación de financiamiento alternativo, la formación de alianzas con instituciones educativas y centros de investigación, y el uso de tecnologías digitales accesibles. Además, se resalta la importancia de fomentar una cultura de innovación dentro de estas empresas para potenciar su competitividad y sostenibilidad a largo plazo. Los resultados sugieren que, mediante la adopción de estas soluciones, las Pymes mexicanas pueden superar sus obstáculos y aprovechar las oportunidades que ofrece la innovación en el mercado nacional e internacional.
Citas
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Avalos-Quispe, G. A., & Hernández-Simón, L. M. (2019). Open innovation in SMEs: Potential and realized absorptive capacity for interorganizational learning in dyad collaborations with academia. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 5(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc5030072
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Chesbrough, H. (2006). Open Innovation: A new paradigm for understanding industrial innovation. En Open Innovation (pp. 1–12). Oxford University PressOxford.
Cuevas-Vargas, H., Cortés-Palacios, H. A., & Lozano-García, J. J. (2022). Impact of capital structure and innovation on firm performance. Direct and indirect effects of capital structure. Procedia Computer Science, 199, 1082–1089. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2022.01.137
Cuevas-Vargas, H., Estrada, S., & Larios-Gómez, E. (2016). The Effects of ICTs As Innovation Facilitators for a Greater Business Performance. Evidence from Mexico. Procedia Computer Science, 91, 47–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2016.07.040
Damanpour, F., & Schneider, M. (2006). Phases of the adoption of innovation in organizations: Effects of environment, organization and top managers. British Journal of Management, 17(3), 215–236. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8551.2006.00498.x
Dosi, C., Cocchi, N., & Vignoli, M. (2021). Ten transform emergency now! - Facing covid 19 with open and frugal innovation. Proceedings of the Design Society, 1, 2971–2980. https://doi.org/10.1017/pds.2021.558
Duan, Y., Huang, L., Luo, X., Cheng, T. C. E., & Liu, H. (2021). The moderating effect of absorptive capacity on the technology search and innovation quality relationship in high-tech manufacturing firms. Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, 62, 101656. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jengtecman.2021.101656
Pérez de Lema, D. G., Zuluaga, B. B., y Guijarro, A. M. (2013). Financiación de la innovación en las Mipyme iberoamericanas. Estudios gerenciales, 29(126), 12–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0123-5923(13)70015-9
García-Sánchez, E., García-Morales, V. J., & Martín-Rojas, R. (2018). Influence of technological assets on organizational performance through absorptive capacity, organizational innovation and internal labour flexibility. Sustainability, 10(3), 770. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10030770
Gërguri-Rashiti, S., Ramadani, V., Abazi-Alili, H., Dana, L. P., & Ratten, V. (2017). ICT, Innovation and Firm Performance: The Transition Economies Context. Thunderbird International Business Review, 59(1), 93–102. https://doi.org/10.1002/tie.21772
Gölgeci, I., Swiatowiec-Szczepanska, J., & Raczkowski, K. (2017). How does cultural intelligence influence the relationships between potential and realised absorptive capacity and innovativeness? Evidence from Poland. Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, 29(8), 857–871. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537325.2016.1245858
Guimón, J., Cancino, C., López, A., & Miranda, J. (2019). Nuevos modos de conexión con redes globales de innovación: el caso de Chile. Perfiles Latinoamericanos, 27(54), 343–361. https://doi.org/10.18504/pl2754-009-2019
Hung, K. P., & Chiang, Y. H. (2010). Open innovation proclivity, entrepreneurial orientation, and perceived firm performance. International Journal of Technology Management, 52(3–4), 257–274. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTM.2010.035976
Jasimuddin, S. M., & Naqshbandi, M. M. (2019). Knowledge infrastructure capability, absorptive capacity and inbound open innovation: evidence from SMEs in France. Production Planning and Control, 30(10–12), 893–906. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537287.2019.1582097
Kroh, J., Luetjen, H., Globocnik, D., & Schultz, C. (2018). Use and Efficacy of Information Technology in Innovation Processes: The Specific Role of Servitization. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 35(5), 720–741. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpim.12445
Li, F., Andries, P., Pellens, M., & Xu, J. (2021). The importance of large firms for generating economic value from subsidized technological innovation: A regional perspective. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 171(145). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.120973
Michel, S., Brown, S. W., & Gallan, A. S. (2008). Service-logic innovations: How to innovate customers, not products. California Management Review, 50(3), 49–65. https://doi.org/10.2307/41166445
Pateli, A. G., & Giaglis, G. M. (2005). Technology innovation-induced business model change: A contingency approach. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 18(2), 167–183. https://doi.org/10.1108/09534810510589589
Pisoni, A., Michelini, L., & Martignoni, G. (2018). Frugal approach to innovation: State of the art and future perspectives. Journal of Cleaner Production, 171, 107–126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.09.248
Pucihar, A., Lenart, G., Borštnar, M. K., Vidmar, D., & Marolt, M. (2019). Drivers and outcomes of business model innovation-micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises perspective. Sustainability, 11(2), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11020344
Ślęzak, M., & Jagielski, M. (2020). Manifestations and Measures of Frugal Innovations. Journal of Corporate Responsibility and Leadership, 5(4), 81. https://doi.org/10.12775/jcrl.2018.024
Soni, P., & Krishnan, R. T. (2014). Frugal innovation: Aligning theory, practice, and public policy. Journal of Indian Business Research, 6(1), 29–47. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIBR-03-2013-0025
Soto-Acosta, P., Popa, S., & Palacios-Marqués, D. (2017). Social web knowledge sharing and innovation performance in knowledge-intensive manufacturing SMEs. Journal of Technology Transfer, 42(2), 425–440. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10961-016-9498-z
Stott, N., & Tracey, P. (2018). Organizing and innovating in poor places. Innovation: Management, Policy and Practice, 20(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/14479338.2017.1358093
Taran, Y., Boer, H., & Lindgren, P. (2015). A Business Model Innovation Typology * Subject Areas: Case Studies, Organizational Theory, and Strategic Decision Making. In Decision Sciences (Vol. 46).
Tiwari, R., Fischer, L., & Kalogerakis, K. (2016). Frugal Innovation in Scholarly and Social Discourse : An Assessment of Trends and Potential Societal Implications Authored by Frugal Innovation in Scholarly and Social Discourse : An Assessment of Trends and Potential Societal Implications. 2014(March). https://doi.org/10.15480/882.1288
van Hemert, P., Nijkamp, P., & Masurel, E. (2013). From innovation to commercialization through networks and agglomerations: Analysis of sources of innovation, innovation capabilities, and performance of Dutch SMEs. Annals of Regional Science, 50(2), 425–452. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00168-012-0509-1
Vilaseca-Requena, J., Torrent-Sellens, J., & Jiménez-Zarco, A. I. (2007). ICT use in marketing as innovation success factor: Enhancing cooperation in new product development processes. European Journal of Innovation Management, 10(2), 268–288. https://doi.org/10.1108/14601060710745297
Weiblen, T., & Chesbrough, H. W. (2015). Engaging with startups to enhance corporate innovation. California Management Review, 57(2), 66–90. https://doi.org/10.1525/cmr.2015.57.2.66
West, J., & Bogers, M. (2014). Leveraging external sources of innovation: A review of research on open innovation. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 31(4), 814–831. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpim.12125
Ahn, J. M., Ju, Y., Moon, T. H., Minshall, T., Probert, D., Sohn, S. Y., & Mortara, L. (2016). Beyond absorptive capacity in open innovation process: the relationships between openness, capacities and firm performance. Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, 28(9), 1009–1028. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537325.2016.1181737
Avalos-Quispe, G. A., & Hernández-Simón, L. M. (2019). Open innovation in SMEs: Potential and realized absorptive capacity for interorganizational learning in dyad collaborations with academia. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 5(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc5030072
Bessant, J. (2019). El papel de la innovación sostenida en la competitividad y la longevidad de los campeones ocultos. Ekonomiaz, (95), 1-21. https://ideas.repec.org/a/ ekz/ekonoz/2019103.html
Chesbrough, H. (2006). Open Innovation: A new paradigm for understanding industrial innovation. En Open Innovation (pp. 1–12). Oxford University PressOxford.
Cuevas-Vargas, H., Cortés-Palacios, H. A., & Lozano-García, J. J. (2022). Impact of capital structure and innovation on firm performance. Direct and indirect effects of capital structure. Procedia Computer Science, 199, 1082–1089. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2022.01.137
Cuevas-Vargas, H., Estrada, S., & Larios-Gómez, E. (2016). The Effects of ICTs As Innovation Facilitators for a Greater Business Performance. Evidence from Mexico. Procedia Computer Science, 91, 47–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2016.07.040
Damanpour, F., & Schneider, M. (2006). Phases of the adoption of innovation in organizations: Effects of environment, organization and top managers. British Journal of Management, 17(3), 215–236. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8551.2006.00498.x
Dosi, C., Cocchi, N., & Vignoli, M. (2021). Ten transform emergency now! - Facing covid 19 with open and frugal innovation. Proceedings of the Design Society, 1, 2971–2980. https://doi.org/10.1017/pds.2021.558
Duan, Y., Huang, L., Luo, X., Cheng, T. C. E., & Liu, H. (2021). The moderating effect of absorptive capacity on the technology search and innovation quality relationship in high-tech manufacturing firms. Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, 62, 101656. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jengtecman.2021.101656
Pérez de Lema, D. G., Zuluaga, B. B., y Guijarro, A. M. (2013). Financiación de la innovación en las Mipyme iberoamericanas. Estudios gerenciales, 29(126), 12–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0123-5923(13)70015-9
García-Sánchez, E., García-Morales, V. J., & Martín-Rojas, R. (2018). Influence of technological assets on organizational performance through absorptive capacity, organizational innovation and internal labour flexibility. Sustainability, 10(3), 770. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10030770
Gërguri-Rashiti, S., Ramadani, V., Abazi-Alili, H., Dana, L. P., & Ratten, V. (2017). ICT, Innovation and Firm Performance: The Transition Economies Context. Thunderbird International Business Review, 59(1), 93–102. https://doi.org/10.1002/tie.21772
Gölgeci, I., Swiatowiec-Szczepanska, J., & Raczkowski, K. (2017). How does cultural intelligence influence the relationships between potential and realised absorptive capacity and innovativeness? Evidence from Poland. Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, 29(8), 857–871. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537325.2016.1245858
Guimón, J., Cancino, C., López, A., & Miranda, J. (2019). Nuevos modos de conexión con redes globales de innovación: el caso de Chile. Perfiles Latinoamericanos, 27(54), 343–361. https://doi.org/10.18504/pl2754-009-2019
Hung, K. P., & Chiang, Y. H. (2010). Open innovation proclivity, entrepreneurial orientation, and perceived firm performance. International Journal of Technology Management, 52(3–4), 257–274. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTM.2010.035976
Jasimuddin, S. M., & Naqshbandi, M. M. (2019). Knowledge infrastructure capability, absorptive capacity and inbound open innovation: evidence from SMEs in France. Production Planning and Control, 30(10–12), 893–906. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537287.2019.1582097
Kroh, J., Luetjen, H., Globocnik, D., & Schultz, C. (2018). Use and Efficacy of Information Technology in Innovation Processes: The Specific Role of Servitization. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 35(5), 720–741. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpim.12445
Li, F., Andries, P., Pellens, M., & Xu, J. (2021). The importance of large firms for generating economic value from subsidized technological innovation: A regional perspective. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 171(145). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.120973
Michel, S., Brown, S. W., & Gallan, A. S. (2008). Service-logic innovations: How to innovate customers, not products. California Management Review, 50(3), 49–65. https://doi.org/10.2307/41166445
Pateli, A. G., & Giaglis, G. M. (2005). Technology innovation-induced business model change: A contingency approach. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 18(2), 167–183. https://doi.org/10.1108/09534810510589589
Pisoni, A., Michelini, L., & Martignoni, G. (2018). Frugal approach to innovation: State of the art and future perspectives. Journal of Cleaner Production, 171, 107–126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.09.248
Pucihar, A., Lenart, G., Borštnar, M. K., Vidmar, D., & Marolt, M. (2019). Drivers and outcomes of business model innovation-micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises perspective. Sustainability, 11(2), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11020344
Ślęzak, M., & Jagielski, M. (2020). Manifestations and Measures of Frugal Innovations. Journal of Corporate Responsibility and Leadership, 5(4), 81. https://doi.org/10.12775/jcrl.2018.024
Soni, P., & Krishnan, R. T. (2014). Frugal innovation: Aligning theory, practice, and public policy. Journal of Indian Business Research, 6(1), 29–47. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIBR-03-2013-0025
Soto-Acosta, P., Popa, S., & Palacios-Marqués, D. (2017). Social web knowledge sharing and innovation performance in knowledge-intensive manufacturing SMEs. Journal of Technology Transfer, 42(2), 425–440. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10961-016-9498-z
Stott, N., & Tracey, P. (2018). Organizing and innovating in poor places. Innovation: Management, Policy and Practice, 20(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/14479338.2017.1358093
Taran, Y., Boer, H., & Lindgren, P. (2015). A Business Model Innovation Typology * Subject Areas: Case Studies, Organizational Theory, and Strategic Decision Making. In Decision Sciences (Vol. 46).
Tiwari, R., Fischer, L., & Kalogerakis, K. (2016). Frugal Innovation in Scholarly and Social Discourse : An Assessment of Trends and Potential Societal Implications Authored by Frugal Innovation in Scholarly and Social Discourse : An Assessment of Trends and Potential Societal Implications. 2014(March). https://doi.org/10.15480/882.1288
van Hemert, P., Nijkamp, P., & Masurel, E. (2013). From innovation to commercialization through networks and agglomerations: Analysis of sources of innovation, innovation capabilities, and performance of Dutch SMEs. Annals of Regional Science, 50(2), 425–452. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00168-012-0509-1
Vilaseca-Requena, J., Torrent-Sellens, J., & Jiménez-Zarco, A. I. (2007). ICT use in marketing as innovation success factor: Enhancing cooperation in new product development processes. European Journal of Innovation Management, 10(2), 268–288. https://doi.org/10.1108/14601060710745297
Weiblen, T., & Chesbrough, H. W. (2015). Engaging with startups to enhance corporate innovation. California Management Review, 57(2), 66–90. https://doi.org/10.1525/cmr.2015.57.2.66
West, J., & Bogers, M. (2014). Leveraging external sources of innovation: A review of research on open innovation. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 31(4), 814–831. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpim.12125
Publicado
2025-07-28
Cómo citar
Cortés-Palacios, H. A., Macias Mora, G., & Barrera Castañeda, J. M. (2025). Innovación en las Pymes: Implementación, problemáticas y soluciones. Revista Venezolana De Gerencia, 30(13), 150-164. https://doi.org/10.52080/rvgluz.30.especial13.10
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