Agendas políticas de la izquierda progresista en América Latina
Palabras clave:
manifiestos políticos, agendas políticas, gobiernos progresistas
Resumen
El presente estudio tiene como objetivo analizar las diferencias entre los gobiernos progresistas de América Latina, con especial énfasis en la manera en que divergen en sus agendas políticas y enfoques programáticos. De acuerdo con la evidencia empírica, los partidos progresistas mantienen una posición ideológica consistente entre ellos. Países como Argentina, Bolivia, Chile y Ecuador, centran como principales puntos de atención en sus manifiestos políticos, temas como la democracia, el apoyo estatal a la cultura y el ocio, y la atención a grupos desfavorecidos. Este estudio emplea un análisis comparativo de diversas realidades progresistas en América Latina. Se codificaron sus manifiestos políticos y las leyes adoptadas, lo que permitió identificar patrones comunes y divergencias. Para ello, se planteó un análisis comparativo de diversas realidades, fundamentado en datos cualitativos. Los resultados más relevantes muestran que los partidos progresistas tienen un grado moderado de cumplimiento de promesas a través del proceso legislativo, ya que la mitad de los puntos del manifiesto lograron transformarse en leyes nacionales. En conclusión, los manifiestos de los partidos progresistas exponen un acuerdo temático entre los países, aunque sus implementaciones varían de una nación a otra.
Citas
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Baumgartner, F., & Jones, B. (1993). Agendas and instability in American politics. University of Chicago Press.
Baumgartner, F., & Jones, B. (2009). Agendas and instability in American politics (2nd ed.). University of Chicago Press.
Baumgartner, F., Green-Pedersen, C., & Jones, B. (2006). Comparative studies of policy agendas. Journal of European Public Policy, 13(7), 959-974. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501760600923805
Blais, A., Blake, D., & Dion, S. (1993). Do parties make a difference: Parties and the size of government in liberal democracies. American Journal of Political Science, 37, 40-62. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2111523
Brewer, G. D. (1974). The policy sciences emerge: To nurture and structure a discipline. Policy Sciences, 5, 239-244. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00144283
Castles, F. (1989). Explaining public education expenditure in OECD nations. European Journal of Political Research, 17(4), 431-448. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6765.1989.tb00202.x
Cobb, R., & Elder, C. (1972). Participation in American politics: The dynamics of agenda building. Allyn and Bacon.
Cobb, R., & Elder, C. (1983). Participation in American politics: The dynamics of agenda building. Johns Hopkins University Press.
Downs, A. (1972). Up and down with ecology: The issue-attention cycle. In P. Peretz (Ed.), The politics of American economic policy making. M. E. Sharpe.
Froio, C., Bevan, S., & Jennings, W. (2016). Party mandates and the politics of attention: Party platforms, public priorities and the policy agenda in Britain. Party Politics, 23(6), 692-703. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068815625228
Green-Pedersen, C. (2014). The evolution of the French political space revisited: Issue priorities and party competition. In C. Green-Pedersen & S. Walgrave (Eds.), Agenda setting, policies, and political systems: A comparative approach. University of Chicago Press.
Green-Pedersen, C. (2015). Agenda setting: Public policy. In N. Smelser & P. Baltes (Eds.), International encyclopedia of the social and behavioral sciences. Elsevier.
Green-Pedersen, C., & Walgrave, S. (2014). Political agenda setting: An approach to study political systems. In C. Green-Pedersen & S. Walgrave (Eds.), Agenda setting, policies, and political systems: A comparative approach. University of Chicago Press.
Gudynas, E. (2012). Estado compensador y nuevos extractivismos: Las ambivalencias del progresismo sudamericano. Nueva Sociedad, 237, 128-146. https://nuso.org/articulo/estado-compensador-y-nuevos-extractivismos-las-ambivalencias-del-progresismo-sudamericano/
Harris, P., Fury, D., & Lock, A. (2006). Do political parties and the press influence the public agenda? Journal of Political Marketing, 5(3), 1-28. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1300/J199v05n03_01
Hibbs, D. (1977). Political parties and macroeconomic policy. American Political Science Review, 71(4), 1467-1487. https://doi.org/10.2307/1961490
Hill, M. (1997). The policy process in the modern state (3rd ed.). Prentice-Hall.
Hughes, S., & Prado, P. (2011). Media diversity and social inequality in Latin America. In M. Blofield (Ed.), The great gap: Inequality and the politics of redistribution in Latin America. Pennsylvania State University Press.
John, P., Bevan, S., & Jennings, W. (2014). Party politics and the policy agenda: The case of the United Kingdom. In C. Green-Pedersen & S. Walgrave (Eds.), Agenda setting, policies, and political systems: A comparative approach. University of Chicago Press.
Kingdon, J. W. (1984). Agendas, alternatives, and public policies. Little Brown.
Kingdon, J. W. (1995). Agendas, alternatives, and public policies. Harper Collins College Publishers.
Krause, W., Lehmann, P., Matthieß, T., Merz, N., Regel, S., & Weßels, B. (2019). The manifesto data collection: South America. Manifesto Project (MARPOR), Version 2019b. Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung (WZB).
Kulaç, O., & Özgür, H. (2017). An overview of the stages (heuristics) model as a public policy analysis framework. European Scientific Journal, 13(12), 144-157. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329377096_An_Overview_of_the_Stages_Heuristics_Model_as_a_Public_Policy_Analysis_Framework
Lange, P., & Geoffrey, G. (1985). The politics of growth. Journal of Politics, 47(3), 792–827. https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.2307/2131212
Lasswell, H. D. (1956). The decision process: Seven categories of functional analysis. University of Maryland.
Laver, M., & Budge, I. (1992). Party policy and government coalitions. The MacMillan Press.
Levitsky, S., & Roberts, K. (2011). The resurgence of the Latin American left. Johns Hopkins University Press.
Martner, G., Uriarte, O., Porta, F., Bianco, C., & Martins, R. (2009). Diálogo movimiento sindical – Gobiernos progresistas: Un primer balance de las políticas progresistas en la región. Friedrich Ebert Stiftung.
McCombs, M. (2004). Setting the agenda: The mass media and public opinion. Polity.
McCombs, M., Shaw, D., & Weaver, D. (1997). Communication and democracy: Exploring the intellectual frontiers in agenda-setting theory. Routledge.
Minteguiaga, A., y Ubasart-González, G. (2015). Regímenes de bienestar y gobiernos progresistas en América Latina: Los casos de Venezuela, Ecuador, y Bolivia. Política y Sociedad, 52(3), 691–718. https://doi.org/10.5209/rev_POSO.2015.v52.n3.45379
Mortensen, P., Green-Pedersen, C., Breeman, G., Chaques-Bonafont, L., Jennings, W., John, P., Palau, A. M., & Timmermans, A. (2011). Comparing government agendas: Executive speeches in the Netherlands, United Kingdom, and Denmark. Comparative Political Studies, 44(8), 973-1000. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0010414011405162
Paramio, L. (2006). Giro a la izquierda y regreso del populismo. Nueva Sociedad, 205, 62-74. https://nuso.org/articulo/giro-a-la-izquierda-y-regreso-del-populismo/
Peirano, F., Tavosnanska, A., Goldstein, E., Mineiro, A., Guardia, A., y Lorenzo, F. (2010). Consenso progresista: Política económica de los gobiernos del Cono del Sur. Elementos comunes, diferencias y aprendizajes. Friedrich Ebert Stiftung.
Peña, L. (1991). Los sistemas políticos en América Latina. Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales, 36(143), 159-160. https://doi.org/10.22201/fcpys.2448492xe.1991.143.51952
Pereira, Z. (2011). Los diseños de método mixto en la investigación en educación: Una experiencia concreta. Revista Electrónica Educare, 15(1), 15–29. https://doi.org/10.15359/ree.15-1.2
Petkoff, T. (2005). Las dos izquierdas. Nueva Sociedad, 197, 114-128. https://nuso.org/articulo/las-dos-izquierdas/
Schamis, H. (2006). Populism, socialism, and democratic institutions. Journal of Democracy, 17(4), 20-34. https://www.journalofdemocracy.org/articles/a-left-turn-in-latin-america-populism-socialism-and-democratic-institutions/
Schapiro, S. (1914). Progressivism and after by William English Walling. American Political Science Association, 8(4), 699-700. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-political-science-review/article/abs/progressivism-and-after-by-william-english-walling-new-york-macmillan-1914-pp-406/9B4141EC608DE85AED6C4587579C4C05
Schattschneider, E. (1960). The semi-sovereign people: A realist’s view of democracy in America. Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
Schmidt, M. (1996). When parties matter: A review of the possibilities and limits of partisan influence on public policy. European Journal of Political Research, 30, 155–183. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6765.1996.tb00673.x
Sigelman, L., & Buell, E. (2004). Avoidance or engagement? Issue convergence in U.S. presidential campaigns, 1960–2000. American Journal of Political Science, 48(4), 650-661. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0092-5853.2004.00093.x
Uriarte, O. (2007). La política laboral de los gobiernos progresistas. Friedrich Ebert Stiftung.
Walgrave, S., Zicha, B., Hardy, A., Joly, J., & Van Assche, T. (2014). Strong devolution but no increasing issue divergence: Evolving issue priorities of the Belgian political parties, 1987–2010. In C. Green-Pedersen & S. Walgrave (Eds.), Agenda setting, policies, and political systems: A comparative approach. The University of Chicago Press.
Weible, C., Heikkila, T., deLeon, P., & Sabatier, P. A. (2012). Understanding and influencing the policy process. Policy Sciences, 45, 1-21. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11077-011-9143-5
Werner, A., Lacewell, O., & Volkens, A. (2015). Manifesto coding instructions (5th rev. ed.). Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung (WZB).
Yin, R. (2009). Case study research: Design and methods (4th ed.). SAGE Publications.
Zibechi, R. (2010). Políticas sociales, gobiernos progresistas y movimientos antisistémicos. Revista Latinoamericana de Economía Social y Solidaria, 5, 32-42. https://www.revistaotraeconomia.org/index_php/otraeconomia/article/view/1178
Badillo, A., Mastrini, G., y Marenghi, P. (2015). Teoría crítica, izquierda y políticas públicas de comunicación: El caso de América Latina y los gobiernos progresistas. Comunicación y Sociedad, 24, 95-126. https://doi.org/10.32870/cys.v0i24.2524
Baumgartner, F., & Jones, B. (1993). Agendas and instability in American politics. University of Chicago Press.
Baumgartner, F., & Jones, B. (2009). Agendas and instability in American politics (2nd ed.). University of Chicago Press.
Baumgartner, F., Green-Pedersen, C., & Jones, B. (2006). Comparative studies of policy agendas. Journal of European Public Policy, 13(7), 959-974. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501760600923805
Blais, A., Blake, D., & Dion, S. (1993). Do parties make a difference: Parties and the size of government in liberal democracies. American Journal of Political Science, 37, 40-62. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2111523
Brewer, G. D. (1974). The policy sciences emerge: To nurture and structure a discipline. Policy Sciences, 5, 239-244. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00144283
Castles, F. (1989). Explaining public education expenditure in OECD nations. European Journal of Political Research, 17(4), 431-448. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6765.1989.tb00202.x
Cobb, R., & Elder, C. (1972). Participation in American politics: The dynamics of agenda building. Allyn and Bacon.
Cobb, R., & Elder, C. (1983). Participation in American politics: The dynamics of agenda building. Johns Hopkins University Press.
Downs, A. (1972). Up and down with ecology: The issue-attention cycle. In P. Peretz (Ed.), The politics of American economic policy making. M. E. Sharpe.
Froio, C., Bevan, S., & Jennings, W. (2016). Party mandates and the politics of attention: Party platforms, public priorities and the policy agenda in Britain. Party Politics, 23(6), 692-703. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068815625228
Green-Pedersen, C. (2014). The evolution of the French political space revisited: Issue priorities and party competition. In C. Green-Pedersen & S. Walgrave (Eds.), Agenda setting, policies, and political systems: A comparative approach. University of Chicago Press.
Green-Pedersen, C. (2015). Agenda setting: Public policy. In N. Smelser & P. Baltes (Eds.), International encyclopedia of the social and behavioral sciences. Elsevier.
Green-Pedersen, C., & Walgrave, S. (2014). Political agenda setting: An approach to study political systems. In C. Green-Pedersen & S. Walgrave (Eds.), Agenda setting, policies, and political systems: A comparative approach. University of Chicago Press.
Gudynas, E. (2012). Estado compensador y nuevos extractivismos: Las ambivalencias del progresismo sudamericano. Nueva Sociedad, 237, 128-146. https://nuso.org/articulo/estado-compensador-y-nuevos-extractivismos-las-ambivalencias-del-progresismo-sudamericano/
Harris, P., Fury, D., & Lock, A. (2006). Do political parties and the press influence the public agenda? Journal of Political Marketing, 5(3), 1-28. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1300/J199v05n03_01
Hibbs, D. (1977). Political parties and macroeconomic policy. American Political Science Review, 71(4), 1467-1487. https://doi.org/10.2307/1961490
Hill, M. (1997). The policy process in the modern state (3rd ed.). Prentice-Hall.
Hughes, S., & Prado, P. (2011). Media diversity and social inequality in Latin America. In M. Blofield (Ed.), The great gap: Inequality and the politics of redistribution in Latin America. Pennsylvania State University Press.
John, P., Bevan, S., & Jennings, W. (2014). Party politics and the policy agenda: The case of the United Kingdom. In C. Green-Pedersen & S. Walgrave (Eds.), Agenda setting, policies, and political systems: A comparative approach. University of Chicago Press.
Kingdon, J. W. (1984). Agendas, alternatives, and public policies. Little Brown.
Kingdon, J. W. (1995). Agendas, alternatives, and public policies. Harper Collins College Publishers.
Krause, W., Lehmann, P., Matthieß, T., Merz, N., Regel, S., & Weßels, B. (2019). The manifesto data collection: South America. Manifesto Project (MARPOR), Version 2019b. Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung (WZB).
Kulaç, O., & Özgür, H. (2017). An overview of the stages (heuristics) model as a public policy analysis framework. European Scientific Journal, 13(12), 144-157. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329377096_An_Overview_of_the_Stages_Heuristics_Model_as_a_Public_Policy_Analysis_Framework
Lange, P., & Geoffrey, G. (1985). The politics of growth. Journal of Politics, 47(3), 792–827. https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.2307/2131212
Lasswell, H. D. (1956). The decision process: Seven categories of functional analysis. University of Maryland.
Laver, M., & Budge, I. (1992). Party policy and government coalitions. The MacMillan Press.
Levitsky, S., & Roberts, K. (2011). The resurgence of the Latin American left. Johns Hopkins University Press.
Martner, G., Uriarte, O., Porta, F., Bianco, C., & Martins, R. (2009). Diálogo movimiento sindical – Gobiernos progresistas: Un primer balance de las políticas progresistas en la región. Friedrich Ebert Stiftung.
McCombs, M. (2004). Setting the agenda: The mass media and public opinion. Polity.
McCombs, M., Shaw, D., & Weaver, D. (1997). Communication and democracy: Exploring the intellectual frontiers in agenda-setting theory. Routledge.
Minteguiaga, A., y Ubasart-González, G. (2015). Regímenes de bienestar y gobiernos progresistas en América Latina: Los casos de Venezuela, Ecuador, y Bolivia. Política y Sociedad, 52(3), 691–718. https://doi.org/10.5209/rev_POSO.2015.v52.n3.45379
Mortensen, P., Green-Pedersen, C., Breeman, G., Chaques-Bonafont, L., Jennings, W., John, P., Palau, A. M., & Timmermans, A. (2011). Comparing government agendas: Executive speeches in the Netherlands, United Kingdom, and Denmark. Comparative Political Studies, 44(8), 973-1000. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0010414011405162
Paramio, L. (2006). Giro a la izquierda y regreso del populismo. Nueva Sociedad, 205, 62-74. https://nuso.org/articulo/giro-a-la-izquierda-y-regreso-del-populismo/
Peirano, F., Tavosnanska, A., Goldstein, E., Mineiro, A., Guardia, A., y Lorenzo, F. (2010). Consenso progresista: Política económica de los gobiernos del Cono del Sur. Elementos comunes, diferencias y aprendizajes. Friedrich Ebert Stiftung.
Peña, L. (1991). Los sistemas políticos en América Latina. Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales, 36(143), 159-160. https://doi.org/10.22201/fcpys.2448492xe.1991.143.51952
Pereira, Z. (2011). Los diseños de método mixto en la investigación en educación: Una experiencia concreta. Revista Electrónica Educare, 15(1), 15–29. https://doi.org/10.15359/ree.15-1.2
Petkoff, T. (2005). Las dos izquierdas. Nueva Sociedad, 197, 114-128. https://nuso.org/articulo/las-dos-izquierdas/
Schamis, H. (2006). Populism, socialism, and democratic institutions. Journal of Democracy, 17(4), 20-34. https://www.journalofdemocracy.org/articles/a-left-turn-in-latin-america-populism-socialism-and-democratic-institutions/
Schapiro, S. (1914). Progressivism and after by William English Walling. American Political Science Association, 8(4), 699-700. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-political-science-review/article/abs/progressivism-and-after-by-william-english-walling-new-york-macmillan-1914-pp-406/9B4141EC608DE85AED6C4587579C4C05
Schattschneider, E. (1960). The semi-sovereign people: A realist’s view of democracy in America. Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
Schmidt, M. (1996). When parties matter: A review of the possibilities and limits of partisan influence on public policy. European Journal of Political Research, 30, 155–183. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6765.1996.tb00673.x
Sigelman, L., & Buell, E. (2004). Avoidance or engagement? Issue convergence in U.S. presidential campaigns, 1960–2000. American Journal of Political Science, 48(4), 650-661. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0092-5853.2004.00093.x
Uriarte, O. (2007). La política laboral de los gobiernos progresistas. Friedrich Ebert Stiftung.
Walgrave, S., Zicha, B., Hardy, A., Joly, J., & Van Assche, T. (2014). Strong devolution but no increasing issue divergence: Evolving issue priorities of the Belgian political parties, 1987–2010. In C. Green-Pedersen & S. Walgrave (Eds.), Agenda setting, policies, and political systems: A comparative approach. The University of Chicago Press.
Weible, C., Heikkila, T., deLeon, P., & Sabatier, P. A. (2012). Understanding and influencing the policy process. Policy Sciences, 45, 1-21. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11077-011-9143-5
Werner, A., Lacewell, O., & Volkens, A. (2015). Manifesto coding instructions (5th rev. ed.). Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung (WZB).
Yin, R. (2009). Case study research: Design and methods (4th ed.). SAGE Publications.
Zibechi, R. (2010). Políticas sociales, gobiernos progresistas y movimientos antisistémicos. Revista Latinoamericana de Economía Social y Solidaria, 5, 32-42. https://www.revistaotraeconomia.org/index_php/otraeconomia/article/view/1178
Publicado
2025-07-28
Cómo citar
Aizaga Villate, M. A., Rodríguez Ron, A. S., & Toasa Guachi, R. M. (2025). Agendas políticas de la izquierda progresista en América Latina. Revista Venezolana De Gerencia, 30(13), 54-68. https://doi.org/10.52080/rvgluz.30.especial13.4
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