Resiliencia organizacional y rendimiento empresarial en medio de COVID-19: Estudio comparativo para pequeñas y medianas empresas
Palabras clave:
Rendimiento empresarial, supervivencia empresarial, pandemia COVID-19, resiliencia organizacional, capacidad de adaptación
Resumen
La pandemia de COVID-19 generó disrupciones sin precedentes en las micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas, evidenciando la necesidad de comprender los factores que determinan su supervivencia y desempeño durante crisis. Este estudio analiza el impacto de la resiliencia organizacional en el rendimiento empresarial de micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas durante la pandemia de COVID-19, examinando específicamente las dimensiones de robustez, agilidad e integridad. Se realizó un estudio transversal con 4.937 gerentes de empresas colombianas (50,4% microempresas, 30,1% pequeñas, 19,5% medianas), empleando un cuestionario electrónico autoadministrado. El análisis incluyó correlaciones bivariadas y un modelo de Red Neuronal Artificial tipo perceptrón multicapa para predecir el rendimiento empresarial. Los resultados revelan una correlación alta y significativa entre resiliencia y rendimiento empresarial (r=0.735, p<0.001). El modelo RNA identificó patrones diferenciados: La robustez es crítica para empresas medianas (importancia normalizada: 100%) y organizaciones emergentes; la integridad predomina en microempresas (100%) y pequeñas empresas (100%); mientras que la agilidad mantiene relevancia transversal, con mayor peso en pequeñas empresas (89%). Se concluye que las estrategias de resiliencia deben adaptarse según el tamaño y sector organizacional, priorizando la integridad en empresas pequeñas y la robustez en medianas; mientras se fortalece la agilidad como capacidad transversal para enfrentar disrupciones.
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Kraus, S., Clauss, T., Breier, M., Gast, J., Zardini, A., y Tiberius, V. (2020). The economics of COVID-19: Initial empirical evidence on how family firms in five European countries cope with the corona crisis. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research, 26(5), 1067-1092. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijebr-04-2020-0214
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Landier, A., y Thesmar, D. (2020). Earnings expectations in the COVID crisis. National Bureau of Economic Research. https://www.nber.org/papers/w27160
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Ludeña, M. K., y Tonon, L. B. (2021). Calculando el riesgo de insolvencia, de los métodos tradicionales a las redes neuronales artificiales. Una revisión de literatura. INNOVA Research Journal, 6(3), 270-287. https://doi.org/10.33890/innova.v6.n3.2021.1790
Luna-Nemecio, J. (2020). Determinaciones socioambientales del COVID-19 y vulnerabilidad económica, espacial y sanitario-institucional. Revista de Ciencias Sociales (Ve), XXVI(2), 21-26. https://doi.org/10.31876/rcs.v26i2.32419
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Publicado
2025-12-09
Cómo citar
Portocarrero Sierra, L., Restrepo-Morales, J. A., Rincón Quintero, Y. A., & López-Cadavid, D. A. (2025). Resiliencia organizacional y rendimiento empresarial en medio de COVID-19: Estudio comparativo para pequeñas y medianas empresas. Revista De Ciencias Sociales, 31(4), 122-139. https://doi.org/10.31876/rcs.v31i4.44843
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