Efecto de una vacuna clostridial combinada sobre los niveles de citocinas e inmunoglobulinas en corderos
Resumen
Las infecciones causadas por agentes clostridiales son difíciles de tratar y tienen una alta tasa de mortalidad. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar los efectos de la dosis recomendada de una vacuna clostridial comercial en los niveles séricos del TNF–α, IL–1β, IL–6 e IL–10, e inmunoglobulinas IgG e IgM en corderos. Una sola vacuna clostridial comercial, que contenía Clostridium perfringens tipos A, B, C y D, Clostridium novyi tipo B, Clostridium septicum, Clostridium tetani y Clostridium chauvoei, se administró por vía subcutánea (2 mL por dosis) a 15 corderas (de 2 a 3 meses de edad), con dos dosis administradas en un intervalo de cuatro semanas. Se tomaron muestras de sangre a las 0, 2, 4, 8, 12 y 24 horas después de la primera dosis, y se midieron los niveles séricos específicos de especie de TNF–α, IL–1β, IL–6 e IL–10 utilizando kits ELISA comerciales. Los niveles séricos de IgG e IgM se determinaron utilizando un lector ELISA a partir de muestras de sangre tomadas los días 0, 7 y 21 después de cada una de la primera y segunda vacunación. Si bien no se observaron cambios estadísticos en los niveles de IL–1β e IL–10 (P>0,05), el TNF–α alcanzó su punto máximo en la segunda hora (P<0,05) y los niveles de IL–6 alcanzaron los niveles más altos en la octava y duodécima hora después de la vacunación (P<0,05). Aun cuando no se detectaron cambios en los niveles de IgM en el estudio (P>0,05), los niveles de IgG se elevaron significativamente a los 7 y 21 días posteriores a la revacunación (P<0,05). En conclusión, la aplicación de la vacuna clostridial en corderos estimula la síntesis de varias citoquinas y eleva la respuesta IgG responsable de la inmunidad después de la segunda aplicación.
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