Hallazgo incidental a la necropsia de linfoma mediastínico de células T en un gato
Resumen
El linfoma mediastínico es una neoplasia maligna del sistema linfático que afecta principalmente a gatos jóvenes, con frecuente asociación al virus de la leucemia felina . Se caracteriza por la proliferación de linfocitos atípicos en la región mediastínica, ocasionando compresión pulmonar y signos respiratorios severos. El diagnóstico definitivo requiere un enfoque multimodal que incluya citología, histopatología e inmunohistoquímica, para diferenciarlo de otras masas torácicas. Este estudio de caso describe un hallazgo incidental de linfoma mediastínico de células T en un gato de un año, identificado durante la necropsia. La citología reveló linfocitos pequeños a intermedios, con cromatina densa, ausencia de nucléolos y citoplasma escaso; el análisis histopatológico mostró proliferación neoplásica infiltrativa en mediastino y compromiso pulmonar con infiltrado inflamatorio mixto. La inmunohistoquímica confirmó el linaje T mediante marcación positiva para CD3 y negativa para CD20. El pronóstico en estos casos es reservado, particularmente en presencia de coinfección por virus de la leucemia felina, lo que subraya la importancia de estrategias preventivas como la vacunación. Este reporte resalta el valor de la inmunofenotipificación para el diagnóstico diferencial de linfomas felinos y enfatiza la relevancia de la inmunohistoquímica como herramienta clave para distinguir entre linfomas de células T y B, incluso cuando se detectan de manera incidental.
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