Therapeutic properties of Algerian propolis in skin wound healing with significant tissue loss
Abstract
This study investigates the therapeutic properties of Algerian propolis in skin wound healing with significant tissue loss. It includes an in vitro phase to formulate an ethanolic extract of Algerian propolis (EEPA) ointment and evaluate its antimicrobial activity, and an in vivo phase to compare its effects with silver sulfadiazine cream and a control group in rabbit wound healing. In vitro, two propolis samples (P1 and P2) were tested against Staphylococcus aureus, showing inhibition zones of 9.5 ± 1.04 mm (P1) and 11.8 ± 0.65 mm (P2). In vivo, the propolis–treated group (PG) achieved complete wound closure (16 cm²) within 16–30 days (d), compared to 24–36 d for the silver sulfadiazine group (SDG), while the control group (CG) did not achieve full closure after 36 d. Healing scores were highest in PG (2.27 ± 0.59 to 2.80 ± 0.46) and dressing evaluation scores were also superior ± 51). Faster fur regrowth was observed in PG, enhancing wound aesthetics. Postoperative hypothermia affected all groups, with CG experiencing the greatest temperature drop (>2°C) and higher mortality. In conclusion, Algerian propolis, particularly P2, exhibited superior activity due to its higher polyphenol content, demonstrating its potential as a natural antimicrobial agent shows strong potential in wound management by enhancing antimicrobial protection, accelerating healing, and improving wound aesthetics. Further studies are needed to optimize its application and elucidate its mechanisms of action.
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