Efecto de la raíz de maca (Lepidium meyenii) sobre algunos parámetros bioquímicos y antioxidantes en ratas con síndrome de ovario poliquístico experimental
Resumen
En este estudio se evaluó el posible efecto terapéutico de la raíz de maca (Lepidium meyenii) sobre el daño oxidativo y los cambios histopatológicos en los ovarios inducidos por el síndrome de ovario poliquístico experimental (SOP) en ratas. El estudio involucró a treinta y cinco ratas Sprague Dawley hembras, cada una de 2,5 meses de edad. Estas ratas se dividieron en cinco grupos distintos. El primer grupo no recibió ningún tratamiento ni intervención. Se aplicó carboximetilcelulosa (CMC) (1 %) al segundo grupo. Se aplicó raíz de maca al tercer grupo en una dosis de 2 g·kg-1·día-1 de peso corporal por sonda durante 7 días (d). Se aplicó 1 mg·kg-1·d-1 de letrozol (agente para SOP) disuelto en 1% de CMC al cuarto grupo por sonda durante 21 d. Se aplicaron letrozol y raíz de maca juntos al quinto grupo. La aplicación de raíz de maca se inició el día 15 de la aplicación de letrozol y se aplicó durante 7 d, mientras que el letrozol se aplicó durante 21 d comenzando 14 d antes de la aplicación de raíz de maca y ambas aplicaciones finalizaron el d 22. En el grupo con SOP, se observó que los niveles de malondialdehído (MDA) estaban elevados en comparación con el grupo de control, mientras que los niveles de glutatión reducido (GSH), junto con las actividades de catalasa (CAT), glutatión peroxidasa (GSH–Px), glutatión–S– transferasa (GST) y superóxido dismutasa (SOD), estaban reducidos. En el grupo de SOP + raíz de maca, se determinaron diferencias en comparación con el grupo de SOP aplicado, y se encontró que todos los valores de los parámetros estaban cerca de los valores del grupo de control (excepto GSH–Px y Hormona folículo estimulante (FSH)). El número de folículos atrésicos disminuyó significativamente en el grupo de SOP y el grupo de SOP + maca en comparación con el grupo de control (P≤0.01). Se observó que el número de folículos quísticos aumentó estadísticamente de manera significativa en los grupos de SOP en comparación con los otros grupos (P≤0.001). En el desarrollo de la toxicidad ovárica relacionada con el SOP y el estrés oxidativo, el SOP puede contribuir a una discrepancia entre oxidantes y antioxidantes, mientras que la raíz de maca puede ayudar a aliviar los efectos secundarios graves causados por el SOP.
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