Pregnancy-associated glycoproteins in buffalo: origins, functions and clinical application for pregnancy follow-up
Keywords:
pregnancy-associated glycoproteins, buffalo, pregnancy, reproductive management
Abstract
Reproductive efficiency represents an essential aspect of farm management as the productivity and profitability of a farm depend on it, particularly in dairy farming. Early detection of pregnancy and identification of non- pregnant buffalo cows is fundamental in the management of reproduction because it allows an early resynchronization and rebreeding of the non-pregnant animals, shortening the calving-conception interval. Different pregnancy diagnostic tools are currently available; among these, the utilization of pregnancy- associated glycoproteins (PAGs) contributed significantly to the improvement of reproductive management. PAGs are secreted by the placenta of several ruminant species, including buffalo, and can be detected in the maternal blood. In addition to their utilization as diagnostic tools to identify pregnant or non-pregnant animals, PAGs help identify the presence of vital embryos and predict future embryo mortality during early gestation. This paper presents an overview of the PAGs origins, function, pregnancy trend, and their use to improve reproductive management in buffalo farming.
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References
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Fricke, P.M. Scanning the future–ultrasonography as a reproductive management tool for dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci 2002, 85, 1918–26.
Fricke, P.M.; Ricci, A.; Giordano, J.O.; Carvalho, P.D. Methods for and implementation of pregnancy diagnosis in dairy cows. Vet. Clin. Food Anim. Pract. 2016, 32, 165–180.
Barile, V.L.; Menchetti, L.; Casano, A, B.; Brecchia, G.; Sousa, N.M.; Zelli, R.; Canali, C.; Beckers, S.F.; Barbato, O. Approaches to Identify Pregnancy Failure in Buffalo Cows. Animals 2021, 1, 481.
Xie, S.C.; Low, B.G.; Nagel, R.J.; Kramer, K.K.; Anthony, R.V., Zoli, A.P.; Beckers, J.F. & Roberts, R.M. Identification of the major pregnancy-specific antigens of cattle and sheep as inactive members of the aspartic proteinase family. PNAS 1991, 88, 10247–10251.
Green, J.A.; Xie, S.; Roberts, R.M. Pepsin-related molecules secreted by trophoblast. Reviews of Reproduction 1998, 3, 62–69.
[Beckers, J.F.; Drion, P.V.; Garbayo, J.M., Perenyi Z.; Zarrouk, A. Sulon, J.; Remy, B.; Szenci, O. Pregnancy-associated glycoproteins in ruminantes: inactive members of the aspartic proteinase family. Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 1999, 47, 461-469.
Roberts, R.M.; Xie, S.; Mathialagan, N. Maternal ricognition of pregnancy. Biology of Reproduction 1996, 54, 294-302.
Xie, S.; Low, B.G.; Nagel, R.J.; Beckers, J.F.; Roberts, R.M. A novel glycoprotein of the aspartic proteinase gene family expressed in bovine placental trophectoderm. Biol Reprod 1994, 51, 1145-1153.
Telugu, B.P.; Palmier, M.O.; Van Doren, S.R.; Green, J.A. An examination of the proteolytic activity for bovine pregnancy-associated glycoproteins 2 and 12. Biological Chemistry 2010, 391, 259–270.
Green, J.A.; Xie, S.; Quan, X.; Bao, B.; Mathialagan, N.; Beckers, J.F.; Roberts, R.M. Pregnancy-associated bovine and ovine glycoproteins exhibitspatially and temporally distinct expression patterns during pregnancy. Biol Reprod 2000, 62, 1624-1631.
Zoli, A.P.; Guilbault, L.A.; Delahaut, P.; Ortiz, W.B.; Beckers, J.F. Radioimmunoassay of a bovine pregnancy-associated glycoprotein in serum: its application for pregnancy diagnosis. Biology of Reproduction 1992, 46, 83–92.
Touzard, E.; Reinaud, P.; Dubois, O.; Guyader-Joly, C.; Humblot, P.; Ponsart, C.; Charpigny, G. Specific expression patterns and cell distribution of ancient and modern PAG in bovine placenta during pregnancy. Reproduction 2013, 146, 347–362.
Hughes, A.L.; Green, J.A.; Garbayo, J.M.; Roberts, R.M. Adaptive diversification within a large family of recently duplicated, placentally-expressed genes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2000, 97, 3319–3323.
Wallace, R.M.; Pohler, K.G.; Smith, M.F.; Green, J.A. Placental PAGs: Gene origins, expression patterns, and use as markers of pregnancy. Reproduction 2015, 149, R115–R126
Xie, S.; Green, J.A.; Bao, B.; Beckers, J.F.; Valdez, K.E.; Hakami, L.; Roberts, R.M. Multiple pregnancy-associated glycoproteins are secreted by day 100 ovine placental tissue. Biol Reprod 1997, 57, 1384–1393.
Garbayo, J.M.; Serrano, B.; Lopez-Gatius, F. Identification of novel pregnancyassociated glycoproteins (PAG) expressed by the perimplantion conceptus of domestic ruminants. Anim Reprod Sci 2008, 103, 120–134
Jerome, A.; Singh, S.K.; Agarwal, S.K.; Mohini, S.; Raut A. Characterization and In Silico analysis of pregnancy-associated glycoprotein-1 gene of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). Genet Res Int 2011, 436138.
Telugu, B.P.; Green, J.A. Characterization of the peptidase activity of recombinant porcine pregnancy-associated glycoprotein-2. Journal of Biochemistry 2008, 144, 725–732.
Moussad, E.E.; Rageh, M.A.; Wilson, AK.; Geisert, R.D.; Brigstock, D.R. Temporal and spatial expression of connective tissue growth factor (CCN2; CTGF) and transforming growth factor beta type 1 (TGF-b1) at the utero-placental interface during early pregnancy in the pig. Journal of Clinical Pathology: Molecular Pathology 2002, 55, 186-192
Wooding, F.B.; Roberts, R.M.; Green, J.A. Light and electron microscope immunocytochemical studies of the distribution of pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAGs) throughout pregnancy in the cow: possible functional implications. Placenta, 2005, 26, 807–827.
Dosogne, H.; Burvenich, C.; Freeman, A.E.; Kehrli Jr, M.E.; Detilleux, J.C., Sulon, J., Beckers, J.F.; Hoeben, D. Pregnancy-associated glycoprotein and decreased polymorphonuclear leukocyte function in early post-prtum dairy cows. Vet Immunology and immunopathology 1999, 67, 47-54.
Austin, K.J.; King, C.P.; Vierk, J.E.; Sasser, R.G.; Hansen, T.R. Pregnancy-specific protein B induces release of an alpha chemokine in bovine endometrium. Endocrinology 1999, 140, 542–545.
Del Vecchio, R.P.; Sutherland, W.D.; Sasser, R.G. Bovine luteal cell production in vitro of prostaglandin E2, oxytocin and progesterone in response to pregnancy-specific protein B and prostaglandin F2a. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 1996, 107, 131–136.
Weems, Y.S.; Lammoglia, M.A.; Vera-Avila, H.R.; Randel, R.D.; King, C.; Sasser, R.G.; Weems, C.W. Effect of luteinizing hormone (LH), PGE2, 8-Epi- PGE1, 8-EPI- PGE2, trichosanthin, and pregnancy specific protein B on secretion of progesterone in vitro by corpora lutea (CL) from nonpregnant and pregnant cows. Prostaglandins & Other Lipid Mediators 1998, 55, 27–42.
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Giordano, J.O.; Guenther, J.N.; Lopes, G. Jr; Fricke, P.M. Changes in serum pregnancy-associated glycoprotein, pregnancy-specific protein B, and progesterone concentrations before and after induction of pregnancy loss in lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 2012, 95, 683–697.
Karen, A.; De Sousa, N.M.; Beckers, J.F.; Bajcsy, A.C.; Tibold, J.; Madl, I.; Szenci, O. Comparison of a commercial bovine pregnancy-associated glycoprotein ELISA test amd pregnancy-associated glycoprotein radioimmunoassay test for early pregnancy diagnosis in dairy cattle. Anim Reprod Sci 2015, 159, 31-37.
Haugejorden, G.; Waage, S.; Dahl, E.; Karlberg, K.; Beckers, J.F.; Ropstad, E. Pregnancy associated glycoproteins (PAG) in postpartum cows, ewes, goats and their offspring. Theriogenology 2006, 66, 1976-1984.
Franco, G.A.; Peres, R.F.G.; Martins, C.F.G.; Reese, S.T.; Jose Luiz Moraes Vasconcelos, J.L.M.; Pohler, K.J. Sire contribution to pregnancy loss and pregnancy-associated glycoprotein production in Nelore cows. J. Anim. Sci. 2018, 96, 632–640.
Reese, S.T., Geary, T.W.; Franco, G.A.; Moares, J.G.N.; Spencer, T.E.; Pohler, K.G. Pregnancy associated glycoproteins (PAGs) and pregnancy loss in high vs sub fertility heifers. Theriogenology 2019, 135, 7-12.
Pohler, K.G.; Reese, S.T.; Franco, G.A.; Oliveira, R.V.; Paiva, R.; Fernandez, L.; de Melo, G.; Vasconcelos, J.L.M.; Cooke, R.; Poole, R.K. New approaches to diagnose and target reproductive failure in cattle. Anim. Reprod. 2020, 17.
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Barile, V.; Terzano, G.; Pacelli, C.; Todini, L.; Malfatti, A.; Barbato, O. LH peak and ovulation after two different estrus synchronization treatments in buffalo cows in the daylight-lengthening period. Theriogenology 2015, 84,
286–293.
Baruselli, P.; Visintin, J.; Barnabe, V.; Barnabe, R.; Amaral, R.; Souza, A. Early pregnancy ultrasonography and embryonic mortality occurence in buffalo. In Proceedings of the V World Buffalo Congress,1997. Caserta, Italy, 13–18 October 1997; pp. 13–16.
Campanile, G.; Neglia, G.; D’Occhio, M.J. Embryonic and fetal mortality in river buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). The riogenology, 2016, 86, 207-213.
Karen, A.; Darwish, S.; Ramoun, A.; Tawfeek, K.; Van Hanh, N.; De Sousa, N.; Sulon, J.; Szenci, O.; Beckers, J.-F. Accuracy of ultrasonography and pregnancy-associated glycoprotein test for pregnancy diagnosis in buffaloes. Theriogenology 2007, 68, 1150–1155.
El-Battawy, K.A.; Sousa, N.M.; Szenci, O.; Beckers, J.F. Pregnancy-associated glycoprotein profile during the first trimester of pregnancy in Egyptian buffalo cows. Reprod Domest Anim Zuchthyg 2009, 44, 161–166.
Barbato, O.; Sousa, N.M.; Klisch, K.; Clerget, E.; Debenedetti, A.; Barile, V.L.; Malfatti, A.; Beckers, J.F. Isolation of new pregnancyassociated glycoproteins from water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) placenta by Vicia villosa affinity chromatography. Res Vet Sci 2008, 85, 457–466.
Barbato, O.; Melo de Sousa, N.; Barile, V.L.; Canali, C.; Beckers, J.-F. Purification of pregnancy-associated glycoproteins from late-pregnancy Bubalus bubalis placentas and development of a radioimmunoassay for pregnancy diagnosis in water buffalo females. BMC Vet Res 2013, 9, 89.
Barbato, O.; Menchetti, L.; Sousa, N.M.; Malfatti, A.; Brecchia, G.; Canali, C.; Beckers, J.F.; Barile, V.L. Pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAGs) concentrations in water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) during gestation and the postpartum period. Theriogenology 2017, 97, 73–77.
Barbato, O.; Menchetti, L.; Sousa, N.M.; Brecchia, G.; Malfatti, A.; Canali, C.; Beckers J.F.; Barile, V.L. Correlation of two radioimmunoassay systems for measuring plasma pregnancy-associated glycoprotein concentrations during early pregnancy and postpartum periods in water buffalo. Reprod Domest Anim 2018, 53, 1483-149.
Karen. A.; Darwish, S.; Ramoun, A.; Tawfeek, K.; Van Hanh, N.; Sousa, N.M.; Sulon. J.; Szenci, O.; Beckers, J.F. Accuracy of ultrasonography and pregnancy-associated glycoprotein test for pregnancy diagnosis in buffaloes. Theriogenology 2007, 68, 1150–1155.
Nguyen, V.H.; Barbato, O.; Bui, X.N.; Beckers, J.-F.; de Sousa, N.M. Assessment of pregnancy-associated glycoprotein (PAG) concentrations in swamp buffalo samples from fetal and maternal origins by using interspecies antisera. Anim Sci J 2012, 83, 683–689.
Barbato, O.; Barile, V.L. The pregnancy diagnosis in buffalo species: laboratory methods. J Buffalo Sci 2012, 1, 157-162.
Barbato, O.; Chiaradia, E.; Barile, V.L.; Pierri, F.; Sousa, M.N.; Terracina, L.: Canali, C.; Avellini, L.; Investigation into omocysteine, vitamin E and malondialdeyde as indicators of successful artificial insemination in synchronized buffalo cows (Bubalus bubalis). Research in Veterinary Science 2016, 104, 100-105.
Pacelli, C.; Barile, V.L.; Sabia, E.; Casano, A.B.; Braghieri, A.; Martina, V.; Barbato, O. Use of GnRH Treatment Based on Pregnancy-Associated Glyco-Proteins (PAGs) Levels as a Strategy for the Maintenance of Pregnancy in Buffalo Cows: A Field Study. Animals 2022, 12, 2822.
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Fricke, P.M. Scanning the future–ultrasonography as a reproductive management tool for dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci 2002, 85, 1918–26.
Fricke, P.M.; Ricci, A.; Giordano, J.O.; Carvalho, P.D. Methods for and implementation of pregnancy diagnosis in dairy cows. Vet. Clin. Food Anim. Pract. 2016, 32, 165–180.
Barile, V.L.; Menchetti, L.; Casano, A, B.; Brecchia, G.; Sousa, N.M.; Zelli, R.; Canali, C.; Beckers, S.F.; Barbato, O. Approaches to Identify Pregnancy Failure in Buffalo Cows. Animals 2021, 1, 481.
Xie, S.C.; Low, B.G.; Nagel, R.J.; Kramer, K.K.; Anthony, R.V., Zoli, A.P.; Beckers, J.F. & Roberts, R.M. Identification of the major pregnancy-specific antigens of cattle and sheep as inactive members of the aspartic proteinase family. PNAS 1991, 88, 10247–10251.
Green, J.A.; Xie, S.; Roberts, R.M. Pepsin-related molecules secreted by trophoblast. Reviews of Reproduction 1998, 3, 62–69.
[Beckers, J.F.; Drion, P.V.; Garbayo, J.M., Perenyi Z.; Zarrouk, A. Sulon, J.; Remy, B.; Szenci, O. Pregnancy-associated glycoproteins in ruminantes: inactive members of the aspartic proteinase family. Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 1999, 47, 461-469.
Roberts, R.M.; Xie, S.; Mathialagan, N. Maternal ricognition of pregnancy. Biology of Reproduction 1996, 54, 294-302.
Xie, S.; Low, B.G.; Nagel, R.J.; Beckers, J.F.; Roberts, R.M. A novel glycoprotein of the aspartic proteinase gene family expressed in bovine placental trophectoderm. Biol Reprod 1994, 51, 1145-1153.
Telugu, B.P.; Palmier, M.O.; Van Doren, S.R.; Green, J.A. An examination of the proteolytic activity for bovine pregnancy-associated glycoproteins 2 and 12. Biological Chemistry 2010, 391, 259–270.
Green, J.A.; Xie, S.; Quan, X.; Bao, B.; Mathialagan, N.; Beckers, J.F.; Roberts, R.M. Pregnancy-associated bovine and ovine glycoproteins exhibitspatially and temporally distinct expression patterns during pregnancy. Biol Reprod 2000, 62, 1624-1631.
Zoli, A.P.; Guilbault, L.A.; Delahaut, P.; Ortiz, W.B.; Beckers, J.F. Radioimmunoassay of a bovine pregnancy-associated glycoprotein in serum: its application for pregnancy diagnosis. Biology of Reproduction 1992, 46, 83–92.
Touzard, E.; Reinaud, P.; Dubois, O.; Guyader-Joly, C.; Humblot, P.; Ponsart, C.; Charpigny, G. Specific expression patterns and cell distribution of ancient and modern PAG in bovine placenta during pregnancy. Reproduction 2013, 146, 347–362.
Hughes, A.L.; Green, J.A.; Garbayo, J.M.; Roberts, R.M. Adaptive diversification within a large family of recently duplicated, placentally-expressed genes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2000, 97, 3319–3323.
Wallace, R.M.; Pohler, K.G.; Smith, M.F.; Green, J.A. Placental PAGs: Gene origins, expression patterns, and use as markers of pregnancy. Reproduction 2015, 149, R115–R126
Xie, S.; Green, J.A.; Bao, B.; Beckers, J.F.; Valdez, K.E.; Hakami, L.; Roberts, R.M. Multiple pregnancy-associated glycoproteins are secreted by day 100 ovine placental tissue. Biol Reprod 1997, 57, 1384–1393.
Garbayo, J.M.; Serrano, B.; Lopez-Gatius, F. Identification of novel pregnancyassociated glycoproteins (PAG) expressed by the perimplantion conceptus of domestic ruminants. Anim Reprod Sci 2008, 103, 120–134
Jerome, A.; Singh, S.K.; Agarwal, S.K.; Mohini, S.; Raut A. Characterization and In Silico analysis of pregnancy-associated glycoprotein-1 gene of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). Genet Res Int 2011, 436138.
Telugu, B.P.; Green, J.A. Characterization of the peptidase activity of recombinant porcine pregnancy-associated glycoprotein-2. Journal of Biochemistry 2008, 144, 725–732.
Moussad, E.E.; Rageh, M.A.; Wilson, AK.; Geisert, R.D.; Brigstock, D.R. Temporal and spatial expression of connective tissue growth factor (CCN2; CTGF) and transforming growth factor beta type 1 (TGF-b1) at the utero-placental interface during early pregnancy in the pig. Journal of Clinical Pathology: Molecular Pathology 2002, 55, 186-192
Wooding, F.B.; Roberts, R.M.; Green, J.A. Light and electron microscope immunocytochemical studies of the distribution of pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAGs) throughout pregnancy in the cow: possible functional implications. Placenta, 2005, 26, 807–827.
Dosogne, H.; Burvenich, C.; Freeman, A.E.; Kehrli Jr, M.E.; Detilleux, J.C., Sulon, J., Beckers, J.F.; Hoeben, D. Pregnancy-associated glycoprotein and decreased polymorphonuclear leukocyte function in early post-prtum dairy cows. Vet Immunology and immunopathology 1999, 67, 47-54.
Austin, K.J.; King, C.P.; Vierk, J.E.; Sasser, R.G.; Hansen, T.R. Pregnancy-specific protein B induces release of an alpha chemokine in bovine endometrium. Endocrinology 1999, 140, 542–545.
Del Vecchio, R.P.; Sutherland, W.D.; Sasser, R.G. Bovine luteal cell production in vitro of prostaglandin E2, oxytocin and progesterone in response to pregnancy-specific protein B and prostaglandin F2a. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 1996, 107, 131–136.
Weems, Y.S.; Lammoglia, M.A.; Vera-Avila, H.R.; Randel, R.D.; King, C.; Sasser, R.G.; Weems, C.W. Effect of luteinizing hormone (LH), PGE2, 8-Epi- PGE1, 8-EPI- PGE2, trichosanthin, and pregnancy specific protein B on secretion of progesterone in vitro by corpora lutea (CL) from nonpregnant and pregnant cows. Prostaglandins & Other Lipid Mediators 1998, 55, 27–42.
Kornmatitsuk, B.; Veronesi, M.C.; Madej, A.; Dahl, E.; Ropstad, E.; Beckers, J.F.; Forsberg, M.; Gustalsson, H.; Kindhal, H. Hormonal measurements in late pregnancy and parturition in dairy cows-possible tools to monitor fetal well being. Anim Reprod Sci 2002, 72, 153-164.
Giordano, J.O.; Guenther, J.N.; Lopes, G. Jr; Fricke, P.M. Changes in serum pregnancy-associated glycoprotein, pregnancy-specific protein B, and progesterone concentrations before and after induction of pregnancy loss in lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 2012, 95, 683–697.
Karen, A.; De Sousa, N.M.; Beckers, J.F.; Bajcsy, A.C.; Tibold, J.; Madl, I.; Szenci, O. Comparison of a commercial bovine pregnancy-associated glycoprotein ELISA test amd pregnancy-associated glycoprotein radioimmunoassay test for early pregnancy diagnosis in dairy cattle. Anim Reprod Sci 2015, 159, 31-37.
Haugejorden, G.; Waage, S.; Dahl, E.; Karlberg, K.; Beckers, J.F.; Ropstad, E. Pregnancy associated glycoproteins (PAG) in postpartum cows, ewes, goats and their offspring. Theriogenology 2006, 66, 1976-1984.
Franco, G.A.; Peres, R.F.G.; Martins, C.F.G.; Reese, S.T.; Jose Luiz Moraes Vasconcelos, J.L.M.; Pohler, K.J. Sire contribution to pregnancy loss and pregnancy-associated glycoprotein production in Nelore cows. J. Anim. Sci. 2018, 96, 632–640.
Reese, S.T., Geary, T.W.; Franco, G.A.; Moares, J.G.N.; Spencer, T.E.; Pohler, K.G. Pregnancy associated glycoproteins (PAGs) and pregnancy loss in high vs sub fertility heifers. Theriogenology 2019, 135, 7-12.
Pohler, K.G.; Reese, S.T.; Franco, G.A.; Oliveira, R.V.; Paiva, R.; Fernandez, L.; de Melo, G.; Vasconcelos, J.L.M.; Cooke, R.; Poole, R.K. New approaches to diagnose and target reproductive failure in cattle. Anim. Reprod. 2020, 17.
Barile, V.L. Improving reproductive efficiency in female buffaloes. (Review). Liv. Prod. Science, 2005, 92, 183-194.
Barile, V.; Terzano, G.; Pacelli, C.; Todini, L.; Malfatti, A.; Barbato, O. LH peak and ovulation after two different estrus synchronization treatments in buffalo cows in the daylight-lengthening period. Theriogenology 2015, 84,
286–293.
Baruselli, P.; Visintin, J.; Barnabe, V.; Barnabe, R.; Amaral, R.; Souza, A. Early pregnancy ultrasonography and embryonic mortality occurence in buffalo. In Proceedings of the V World Buffalo Congress,1997. Caserta, Italy, 13–18 October 1997; pp. 13–16.
Campanile, G.; Neglia, G.; D’Occhio, M.J. Embryonic and fetal mortality in river buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). The riogenology, 2016, 86, 207-213.
Karen, A.; Darwish, S.; Ramoun, A.; Tawfeek, K.; Van Hanh, N.; De Sousa, N.; Sulon, J.; Szenci, O.; Beckers, J.-F. Accuracy of ultrasonography and pregnancy-associated glycoprotein test for pregnancy diagnosis in buffaloes. Theriogenology 2007, 68, 1150–1155.
El-Battawy, K.A.; Sousa, N.M.; Szenci, O.; Beckers, J.F. Pregnancy-associated glycoprotein profile during the first trimester of pregnancy in Egyptian buffalo cows. Reprod Domest Anim Zuchthyg 2009, 44, 161–166.
Barbato, O.; Sousa, N.M.; Klisch, K.; Clerget, E.; Debenedetti, A.; Barile, V.L.; Malfatti, A.; Beckers, J.F. Isolation of new pregnancyassociated glycoproteins from water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) placenta by Vicia villosa affinity chromatography. Res Vet Sci 2008, 85, 457–466.
Barbato, O.; Melo de Sousa, N.; Barile, V.L.; Canali, C.; Beckers, J.-F. Purification of pregnancy-associated glycoproteins from late-pregnancy Bubalus bubalis placentas and development of a radioimmunoassay for pregnancy diagnosis in water buffalo females. BMC Vet Res 2013, 9, 89.
Barbato, O.; Menchetti, L.; Sousa, N.M.; Malfatti, A.; Brecchia, G.; Canali, C.; Beckers, J.F.; Barile, V.L. Pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAGs) concentrations in water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) during gestation and the postpartum period. Theriogenology 2017, 97, 73–77.
Barbato, O.; Menchetti, L.; Sousa, N.M.; Brecchia, G.; Malfatti, A.; Canali, C.; Beckers J.F.; Barile, V.L. Correlation of two radioimmunoassay systems for measuring plasma pregnancy-associated glycoprotein concentrations during early pregnancy and postpartum periods in water buffalo. Reprod Domest Anim 2018, 53, 1483-149.
Karen. A.; Darwish, S.; Ramoun, A.; Tawfeek, K.; Van Hanh, N.; Sousa, N.M.; Sulon. J.; Szenci, O.; Beckers, J.F. Accuracy of ultrasonography and pregnancy-associated glycoprotein test for pregnancy diagnosis in buffaloes. Theriogenology 2007, 68, 1150–1155.
Nguyen, V.H.; Barbato, O.; Bui, X.N.; Beckers, J.-F.; de Sousa, N.M. Assessment of pregnancy-associated glycoprotein (PAG) concentrations in swamp buffalo samples from fetal and maternal origins by using interspecies antisera. Anim Sci J 2012, 83, 683–689.
Barbato, O.; Barile, V.L. The pregnancy diagnosis in buffalo species: laboratory methods. J Buffalo Sci 2012, 1, 157-162.
Barbato, O.; Chiaradia, E.; Barile, V.L.; Pierri, F.; Sousa, M.N.; Terracina, L.: Canali, C.; Avellini, L.; Investigation into omocysteine, vitamin E and malondialdeyde as indicators of successful artificial insemination in synchronized buffalo cows (Bubalus bubalis). Research in Veterinary Science 2016, 104, 100-105.
Pacelli, C.; Barile, V.L.; Sabia, E.; Casano, A.B.; Braghieri, A.; Martina, V.; Barbato, O. Use of GnRH Treatment Based on Pregnancy-Associated Glyco-Proteins (PAGs) Levels as a Strategy for the Maintenance of Pregnancy in Buffalo Cows: A Field Study. Animals 2022, 12, 2822.
Mann, G.E; Lamming, G.E.; Fray, M.D. Plasma oestradiol and progesterone during early pregnancy in the cow and the effects of treatment with buserelin. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 1995, 37, 121–131.
Thatcher, W.W.; Meyer, M.D.; Danet-Desnoyers, G. Maternal Recognition of Pregnancy. J. Reprod. Fertil.-Suppl. 1995, 49, 15–28.
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Published
2023-11-21
How to Cite
1.
Barbato O, Barile VL. Pregnancy-associated glycoproteins in buffalo: origins, functions and clinical application for pregnancy follow-up. Rev. Cient. FCV-LUZ [Internet]. 2023Nov.21 [cited 2025Jul.31];33(Suplemento):75-1. Available from: https://produccioncientifica.luz.edu.ve/index.php/cientifica/article/view/43291
Section
Lectures
