Características do solo sob diferentes culturas em ambientes de montanha em Pamplona, Norte de Santander, Colômbia
Palavras-chave:
uso do solo, análise multivariada, degradação do solo, indicadores de qualidade do solo
Resumo
A intensificação agrícola em áreas de montanha pode alterar a qualidade do solo e comprometer sua funcionalidade ecossistêmica. Nesse sentido, este estudo avaliou a influência do uso do solo sobre as propriedades físicas, químicas e biológicas em sistemas agrícolas e florestais de montanha na vereda Monteadentro, município de Pamplona, Norte de Santander. Durante o período chuvoso de 2019 foram analisados cinco tipos de uso: morango, ervilha, tomate de árvore, pastagem e floresta nativa. Em parcelas de 1.000 m² foram coletadas amostras compostas de solo na profundidade de 0–10 cm para determinar textura, umidade volumétrica (UV), densidade aparente (DA), pH, condutividade elétrica (CE), carbono orgânico total (COT) e respiração basal (RB). Foram aplicadas análises estatísticas univariadas e multivariadas (ANOVA, Kruskal–Wallis, correlações e ACP). Os resultados evidenciaram que o tipo de uso afetou significativamente as propriedades edáficas. Os solos sob floresta apresentaram condições mais favoráveis de conservação, com maior teor de COT (2,8 %) e menor DA (0,7 g·cm⁻³), em contraste com os solos agrícolas, que apresentaram maior DA, menor UV e COT, e maior RB, possivelmente associada a substratos orgânicos mais lábeis e à degradação da matéria orgânica. A Análise de Componentes Principais permitiu identificar dois gradientes: um físico-textural (argila, UV, CE, areia) e outro bioquímico-físico (silte, pH, COT, RB), os quais diferenciaram os sistemas de uso conforme seu grau de perturbação. Esses resultados sugerem a necessidade de adotar estratégias de manejo conservacionista e de monitoramento regular do solo para preservar sua funcionalidade em ecossistemas de montanha.
Downloads
Não há dados estatísticos.
Referências
Aguillón-Estacio, R. J., Muñoz-España, I. A., Guerra-Acosta, A. del S., Bolívar-Gamboa, A., & Pinzón-Sandoval, E. H. (2024). Soil physical properties as indicators of histosol degradation in Colombia. Revista de Ciencias Agrícolas, 41(1), e1226. https://doi.org/10.22267/rcia.20244101.226
Alef, K., & Nannipieri, P. (1995). Methods in applied soil microbiology and biochemistry (340 p.). Academic Press.
Almendros, G., & González-Pérez, J. A. (2025). Soil organic carbon sequestration mechanisms and the chemical nature of soil organic matter—A review. Sustainability, 17(15), 6689. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17156689
Blake, G. R., & Hartge, K. H. (1986). Bulk density. In A. Klute (Ed.), Methods of soil analysis. Part 1. Physical and mineralogical methods (2nd ed., Agronomy Monograph No. 9, pp. 363–382). American Society of Agronomy—Soil Science Society of America.
Climate-Data.org. (2024). Clima: Pamplona. Recuperado el 28 de junio de 2025, de https://en.climate-data.org/south-america/colombia/norte-de-santander/pamplona-50220/
Coca-Salazar, A., Cornelis, J.-T., & Carnol, M. (2021). Soil properties and microbial processes in response to land-use change in agricultural highlands of the Central Andes. European Journal of Soil Science, 72(6), 2395–2409. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.13110
Cotrufo, M. F., Ranalli, M. G., Haddix, M. L., Six, J., & Lugato, E. (2019). Soil carbon storage informed by particulate and mineral-associated organic matter. Nature Geoscience, 12(12), 989–994. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-019-0484-6
Cruz Villamizar, D. V., Rodríguez Ospino, P. P., Castellanos González, L., & Césped Novoa, N. E. (2022). Validación de una tecnología en producción limpia de fresa a pequeña escala en la finca Sol Vida del municipio de Pamplona, Norte de Santander. Ciencia y Tecnología Agropecuaria, 7(1), 3–18. https://doi.org/10.24054/cyta.v7i1.2769
Ewunetu, T., Selassie, Y. G., Molla, E., Admase, H., & Gezahegn, A. (2025). Soil properties under different land uses and slope gradients: Implications for sustainable land management in the Tach Karnuary watershed, Northwestern Ethiopia. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 13, 1518068. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2025.1518068
Farjana, S., Park, I. S., & Choi, J. M. (2024). Macro-elements in liquid fertilization influence differently in occurrence and growth of runner plants in strawberry propagation. Korean Journal of Horticultural Science & Technology, 43(1), 108–118. https://doi.org/10.7235/HORT.20250018
Flórez Mogollón, D. A., & Ochoa, A. (2022). Diagnóstico de Buenas Prácticas Agrícolas y Ambientales en los sistemas productivos de papa y durazno de tres veredas del municipio de Chitagá, Norte de Santander. Ciencia y Tecnología Agropecuaria, 7(1), 19–27. https://doi.org/10.24054/cyta.v7i1.2776
Gao, H., Yan, C., Liu, Q., Ding, W., Chen, B., & Li, Z. (2019). Effects of plastic mulching and plastic residue on agricultural production: A meta-analysis. Science of the Total Environment, 651, 484–492. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.105
Gardner, W. H. (1986). Water content. In A. Klute (Ed.), Methods of soil analysis. Part 1. Physical and mineralogical methods (2nd ed., Agronomy Monograph No. 9). American Society of Agronomy, Soil Science Society of America.
Gee, G. W., & Bauder, J. W. (1986). Particle-size analysis. In A. Klute (Ed.), Methods of soil analysis. Part 1. Physical and mineralogical methods (2nd ed., pp. 383–411). American Society of Agronomy, Soil Science Society of America. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssabookser5.1.2ed.c15
González-Pedraza, A. F., Méndez Ortega, A. J., & Quesada Vergara, V. (2023). Respuesta del cultivo de arveja (Pisum sativum L.) a la aplicación de abonos orgánicos en el municipio Pamplona, Norte de Santander. La Granja: Revista de Ciencias de la Vida, 37(2), 29–40. https://doi.org/10.17163/lgr.n37.2023.07
Huf dos Reis, A. M., Pires, L. F., & Armindo, R. A. (2024). New empirical-point pedotransfer functions for water retention data for a wide range of soil texture and climates. International Soil and Water Conservation Research, 12(6), 855–867. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iswcr.2024.01.001
IGAC, Instituto Geográfico Agustín Codazzi. (2012). Estudio general de suelos y zonificación física de tierras del departamento Norte de Santander. Imprenta Nacional. https://www.igac.gov.co/es/catalogo/estudio-general-de-suelos-y-zonificacion-de-tierras-de-norte-de-santander
McLean, E. O. (1982). Soil pH and lime requirement. In A. L. Page (Ed.), Methods of soil analysis. Part 2. Chemical and microbiological properties (2nd ed., pp. 199–224). American Society of Agronomy, Soil Science Society of America. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronmonogr9.2.2ed.c12
Mitsuta, A., Lourenço, K. S., Gonçalves de Oliveira, B., de Assis Costa, O. Y. N., Cantarella, H., & Kuramae, E. E. (2025). Soil pH determines the shift of key microbial energy metabolic pathways associated with soil nutrient cycle. Applied Soil Ecology, 208, 105992. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.105992
Moya-Gutiérrez, A. J., Torres-Peña, J. A., & Contreras-Martínez, M. (2020). Site characterization using geophysical and geotechnical prospecting. Case study main road North Central Trunk (National Route 55) at Km 68 + 500 in the Municipality of Pamplona, North of Santander, Colombia. Revista Boletín de Ciencias de la Tierra, 48, 30–45. https://doi.org/10.15446/rbct.n48.85411
Pardo-Plaza, Y. J., Paolini Gómez, J. E., & Cantero-Guevara, M. E. (2019). Biomasa microbiana y respiración basal del suelo bajo sistemas agroforestales con cultivos de café. Revista U.D.C.A Actualidad & Divulgación Científica, 22(1), e1144. https://doi.org/10.31910/rudca.v22.n1.2019.1144
R Core Team. (2023). R: A language and environment for statistical computing (Versión 4.3.1) [Software]. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. https://www.r-project.org/
Rodríguez, Y., Osorio Torres, N. C., Castellanos, L., & Perez, Y. (2024). Antagonistas comerciales para el manejo de enfermedades fúngicas del cultivo de fresa (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.), en el municipio de Pamplona, Norte de Santander. Ciencia y Tecnología Agropecuaria, 9(1), 8-15. https://doi.org/10.24054/cyta.v9i1.2952
Shi, H., Jiang, L., Tan, X., Gan, F., Xia, Y., Li, W., Xu, X., Yan, Y., Fan, Y., & Pu, J. (2025). Changes in vegetation types alter soil respiration under the erosion and deposition topography in karst trough valley. CATENA, 255, 109027. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2025.109027
Singh, A. P., Singh, S. K., Rai, S., & Kumar, M. (2020). Soil carbon dynamics in relation to soil surface management and cropping system. En P. K. Ghosh, S. K. Mahanta, D. Mandal, B. Mandal, & S. Ramakrishnan (Eds.), Carbon management in tropical and sub-tropical terrestrial systems (pp. 181-204). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9628-1
Villamizar Quiñonez, C., Cancino Escalante, G. O., & Cancino, S. E. (2024). Los aspectos biofísicos de la provincia de Pamplona, Norte de Santander, Colombia. Universidad de Pamplona. https://doi.org/10.24054/seu.78
Visconti-Moreno, E. F., & Valenzuela-Balcázar, I. G. (2019). Impacto del uso del suelo sobre la estabilidad de agregados y su relación con el carbono orgánico en dos pisos altitudinales en Los Andes de Colombia. Agronomía Colombiana, 37(3), 263-273. https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v37n3.77601
Westman, C. J., Hytönen, J., & Wall, A. (2006). Loss-on-ignition in the determination of pools of organic carbon in soils of forests and afforested arable fields. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 37(7), 1059–1075. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103620600586292
Ylagan, S., Brye, K. R., Ashworth, A. J., Owens, P. R., Smith, H., Poncet, A. M., Sauer, T. J., Thomas, A. L., & Philipp, D. (2023). Relationships among apparent electrical conductivity and plant and terrain data in an agroforestry system in the Ozark Highlands. Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment, 6(8), e20414. https://doi.org/10.1002/agg2.20414
Alef, K., & Nannipieri, P. (1995). Methods in applied soil microbiology and biochemistry (340 p.). Academic Press.
Almendros, G., & González-Pérez, J. A. (2025). Soil organic carbon sequestration mechanisms and the chemical nature of soil organic matter—A review. Sustainability, 17(15), 6689. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17156689
Blake, G. R., & Hartge, K. H. (1986). Bulk density. In A. Klute (Ed.), Methods of soil analysis. Part 1. Physical and mineralogical methods (2nd ed., Agronomy Monograph No. 9, pp. 363–382). American Society of Agronomy—Soil Science Society of America.
Climate-Data.org. (2024). Clima: Pamplona. Recuperado el 28 de junio de 2025, de https://en.climate-data.org/south-america/colombia/norte-de-santander/pamplona-50220/
Coca-Salazar, A., Cornelis, J.-T., & Carnol, M. (2021). Soil properties and microbial processes in response to land-use change in agricultural highlands of the Central Andes. European Journal of Soil Science, 72(6), 2395–2409. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.13110
Cotrufo, M. F., Ranalli, M. G., Haddix, M. L., Six, J., & Lugato, E. (2019). Soil carbon storage informed by particulate and mineral-associated organic matter. Nature Geoscience, 12(12), 989–994. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-019-0484-6
Cruz Villamizar, D. V., Rodríguez Ospino, P. P., Castellanos González, L., & Césped Novoa, N. E. (2022). Validación de una tecnología en producción limpia de fresa a pequeña escala en la finca Sol Vida del municipio de Pamplona, Norte de Santander. Ciencia y Tecnología Agropecuaria, 7(1), 3–18. https://doi.org/10.24054/cyta.v7i1.2769
Ewunetu, T., Selassie, Y. G., Molla, E., Admase, H., & Gezahegn, A. (2025). Soil properties under different land uses and slope gradients: Implications for sustainable land management in the Tach Karnuary watershed, Northwestern Ethiopia. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 13, 1518068. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2025.1518068
Farjana, S., Park, I. S., & Choi, J. M. (2024). Macro-elements in liquid fertilization influence differently in occurrence and growth of runner plants in strawberry propagation. Korean Journal of Horticultural Science & Technology, 43(1), 108–118. https://doi.org/10.7235/HORT.20250018
Flórez Mogollón, D. A., & Ochoa, A. (2022). Diagnóstico de Buenas Prácticas Agrícolas y Ambientales en los sistemas productivos de papa y durazno de tres veredas del municipio de Chitagá, Norte de Santander. Ciencia y Tecnología Agropecuaria, 7(1), 19–27. https://doi.org/10.24054/cyta.v7i1.2776
Gao, H., Yan, C., Liu, Q., Ding, W., Chen, B., & Li, Z. (2019). Effects of plastic mulching and plastic residue on agricultural production: A meta-analysis. Science of the Total Environment, 651, 484–492. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.105
Gardner, W. H. (1986). Water content. In A. Klute (Ed.), Methods of soil analysis. Part 1. Physical and mineralogical methods (2nd ed., Agronomy Monograph No. 9). American Society of Agronomy, Soil Science Society of America.
Gee, G. W., & Bauder, J. W. (1986). Particle-size analysis. In A. Klute (Ed.), Methods of soil analysis. Part 1. Physical and mineralogical methods (2nd ed., pp. 383–411). American Society of Agronomy, Soil Science Society of America. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssabookser5.1.2ed.c15
González-Pedraza, A. F., Méndez Ortega, A. J., & Quesada Vergara, V. (2023). Respuesta del cultivo de arveja (Pisum sativum L.) a la aplicación de abonos orgánicos en el municipio Pamplona, Norte de Santander. La Granja: Revista de Ciencias de la Vida, 37(2), 29–40. https://doi.org/10.17163/lgr.n37.2023.07
Huf dos Reis, A. M., Pires, L. F., & Armindo, R. A. (2024). New empirical-point pedotransfer functions for water retention data for a wide range of soil texture and climates. International Soil and Water Conservation Research, 12(6), 855–867. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iswcr.2024.01.001
IGAC, Instituto Geográfico Agustín Codazzi. (2012). Estudio general de suelos y zonificación física de tierras del departamento Norte de Santander. Imprenta Nacional. https://www.igac.gov.co/es/catalogo/estudio-general-de-suelos-y-zonificacion-de-tierras-de-norte-de-santander
McLean, E. O. (1982). Soil pH and lime requirement. In A. L. Page (Ed.), Methods of soil analysis. Part 2. Chemical and microbiological properties (2nd ed., pp. 199–224). American Society of Agronomy, Soil Science Society of America. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronmonogr9.2.2ed.c12
Mitsuta, A., Lourenço, K. S., Gonçalves de Oliveira, B., de Assis Costa, O. Y. N., Cantarella, H., & Kuramae, E. E. (2025). Soil pH determines the shift of key microbial energy metabolic pathways associated with soil nutrient cycle. Applied Soil Ecology, 208, 105992. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.105992
Moya-Gutiérrez, A. J., Torres-Peña, J. A., & Contreras-Martínez, M. (2020). Site characterization using geophysical and geotechnical prospecting. Case study main road North Central Trunk (National Route 55) at Km 68 + 500 in the Municipality of Pamplona, North of Santander, Colombia. Revista Boletín de Ciencias de la Tierra, 48, 30–45. https://doi.org/10.15446/rbct.n48.85411
Pardo-Plaza, Y. J., Paolini Gómez, J. E., & Cantero-Guevara, M. E. (2019). Biomasa microbiana y respiración basal del suelo bajo sistemas agroforestales con cultivos de café. Revista U.D.C.A Actualidad & Divulgación Científica, 22(1), e1144. https://doi.org/10.31910/rudca.v22.n1.2019.1144
R Core Team. (2023). R: A language and environment for statistical computing (Versión 4.3.1) [Software]. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. https://www.r-project.org/
Rodríguez, Y., Osorio Torres, N. C., Castellanos, L., & Perez, Y. (2024). Antagonistas comerciales para el manejo de enfermedades fúngicas del cultivo de fresa (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.), en el municipio de Pamplona, Norte de Santander. Ciencia y Tecnología Agropecuaria, 9(1), 8-15. https://doi.org/10.24054/cyta.v9i1.2952
Shi, H., Jiang, L., Tan, X., Gan, F., Xia, Y., Li, W., Xu, X., Yan, Y., Fan, Y., & Pu, J. (2025). Changes in vegetation types alter soil respiration under the erosion and deposition topography in karst trough valley. CATENA, 255, 109027. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2025.109027
Singh, A. P., Singh, S. K., Rai, S., & Kumar, M. (2020). Soil carbon dynamics in relation to soil surface management and cropping system. En P. K. Ghosh, S. K. Mahanta, D. Mandal, B. Mandal, & S. Ramakrishnan (Eds.), Carbon management in tropical and sub-tropical terrestrial systems (pp. 181-204). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9628-1
Villamizar Quiñonez, C., Cancino Escalante, G. O., & Cancino, S. E. (2024). Los aspectos biofísicos de la provincia de Pamplona, Norte de Santander, Colombia. Universidad de Pamplona. https://doi.org/10.24054/seu.78
Visconti-Moreno, E. F., & Valenzuela-Balcázar, I. G. (2019). Impacto del uso del suelo sobre la estabilidad de agregados y su relación con el carbono orgánico en dos pisos altitudinales en Los Andes de Colombia. Agronomía Colombiana, 37(3), 263-273. https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v37n3.77601
Westman, C. J., Hytönen, J., & Wall, A. (2006). Loss-on-ignition in the determination of pools of organic carbon in soils of forests and afforested arable fields. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 37(7), 1059–1075. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103620600586292
Ylagan, S., Brye, K. R., Ashworth, A. J., Owens, P. R., Smith, H., Poncet, A. M., Sauer, T. J., Thomas, A. L., & Philipp, D. (2023). Relationships among apparent electrical conductivity and plant and terrain data in an agroforestry system in the Ozark Highlands. Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment, 6(8), e20414. https://doi.org/10.1002/agg2.20414
Publicado
2025-10-08
Como Citar
González-Pedraza, A., Sandoval, S., & Escalante, J. (2025). Características do solo sob diferentes culturas em ambientes de montanha em Pamplona, Norte de Santander, Colômbia. Revista Da Faculdade De Agronomia Da Universidade De Zulia, 42(4), e254248. Obtido de https://produccioncientifica.luz.edu.ve/index.php/agronomia/article/view/44621
Edição
Secção
Produção Vegetal
Direitos de Autor (c) 2025 Ana Francisca González-Pedraza, Steve Sandoval, Juan Carlos Escalante
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
