Efeito do pastejo na composição e na diversidade florística durante o pousio em El-Tarf, Argélia
Palavras-chave:
asteraceae, fitomassa herbácea, intensidade de pastejo, riqueza florística, nitrogênio total
Resumo
Na região de El-Tarf, localizada no nordeste da Argélia, as terras em pousio são frequentemente utilizadas como pastagens para rebanhos de ovelhas, onde ficam o dia todo com uma carga significativa de pastoreio. Estudos limitados conduzidos para avaliar os efeitos do pastoreio têm produzido resultados variados e às vezes contraditórios, destacando assim a necessidade de dados locais confiáveis. O estudo tem como objetivo avaliar o impacto do pastoreio na riqueza florística, diversidade, produção e composição química das terras em pousio na região de El-Tarf (nordeste da Argélia). As medições foram realizadas durante o período de vegetação ótimo de março a junho ao longo de um período de 2 anos (2019 e 2020). O desenho experimental incluiu um único fator: intensidade de pastoreio (sem pastoreio, pastoreio moderado e pastoreio intenso). Os resultados indicaram que o pastoreio reduziu a riqueza florística e a diversidade (Diversidade Máxima, Índice de Shannon e Weaver, Índice de Equidade), mas não teve efeito na cobertura. A terra em pousio não pastada é mais rica, hospedando 23 espécies herbáceas distribuídas entre 8 famílias botânicas, sendo as mais representadas as Asteraceae (39 %), seguidas pelas Poaceae (26 %). As Fabaceae, por outro lado, exibem uma representação mais modesta, representando apenas 13 %. O pastoreio também diminuiu significativamente a biomassa e a fitomassa herbácea total acima do solo, com melhorias observadas em condições não pastadas, registrando valores de 3,80 t.MS.ha-1 e 1,77 t.MS.ha-1, respectivamente. Além disso, o pastoreio teve um impacto significativo na composição química, com os valores mais altos registrados para pastoreio moderado, alcançando 14, 7 % para o conteúdo total de nitrogênio e 11, 66 % para o conteúdo mineral.
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Referências
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Cherednichenko, O. V., Gavrilova, T. M., Borodulina, V. P., Zhelezova, S. D., & Elumeeva, T. G. (2021). Structure of aboveground phytomass of abandoned and managed mesic meadows in the forest zone: a case study from the Central Forest Reserve, Russia. Botany Letters, 168(2), 297-309. https://doi.org/10.1080/23818107.2021.1884899
Daget, P., & Poissonet, J. (1971). A phytological analysis method for meadows: Application criteria. Annales Agronomiques, 22, 5-41. (in French). https://agritrop.cirad.fr/537178/
Dan Gomma A., Issa S., Abasse T., & Banoin M. (2019). Effects of forage harvesting on the environment and on agro-silvo-pastoral and commercial activities in the Sahelian regions of Niger. International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 13(6), 2590 2602. (in French). https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v13i6.13
Davies, K. W., Copeland, S. M., & Bates, J. D. (2022). Grazing effects on shrub induced resource islands and herbaceous vegetation heterogeneity in sagebrush-steppe communities. Global Ecology and Conservation, 35, e02106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2022.e02106
Djohy, G. L., Bouko, B. S., Dossou, P., & Yabi, J. (2022). Productivity of natural pastures and pastoral mobility practices in the context of climate change in West Africa. Revue Marocaine des Sciences Agronomiques et Vétérinaires, 10(1), 92-105. (in French). https://www.agrimaroc.org/index.php/Actes_IAVH2/article/view/1077
Dobignard A. & chatelain C. (2010/2013). Index of the Flora of North Africa. Ed. Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques, Geneva. http://www.villege.ch/musinfo/bd/cjb/africa/
El Housni, A., El Maadoudi, A.H., & Bendaou, M. (2013). Strategies for improving the nutritional value of fallow land in Morocco. Mediterranean Options, A, 108, 115-120. (in French). https://om.ciheam.org/om/pdf/a108/00007623.pdf
Godinot, O., Foray, S., Lemosquet, S., Delaby, L., & Edouard, N. (2022). From the animal to the territory, a critical look on nitrogen use efficiency of dairy cattle systems. INRAE Productions Animales, 35(1), 43-60. https://doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2022.35.1.5498
Hachmi, A., Andich, K., El Alaoui-Faris, F. E., & Mahyou, H. (2018). Improvement of vegetation and soil fertility in arid rangelands of Morocco through restoration and rehabilitation techniques. Revued’Ecologie, Terre et Vie, 73(4), 401-413. (in French).https://www.persee.fr/doc/revec_0249-7395_2018_num_73_4_1946
Hempson, G. P., Parr, C. L., Lehmann, C. E., & Archibald, S. (2022). Grazing lawns and overgrazing in frequently grazed grass communities. Ecolog and Evolution, 12(9), e9268. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/ece3.9268
Herrero‐Jáuregui, C., & Oesterheld, M. (2018). Effects of grazing intensity on plant richness and diversity: A meta‐analysis. Oikos, 127(6), 757-766. https://doi.org/10.1111/oik.04893
Husain, M., Geelani, S. N., Mughal, A. H., Wani, A. A., & Bhat, G. M. (2019). Floristic composition of alpine grassland in Gulmarg, Kashmir. Range Management
and Agroforestry, 40(2), 188-195. https://www.indianjournals.com/ijor.aspx?target=ijor:rma&volume=40&issue=2&article=003
Hussain, A. (2020). The Genus Artemisia (Asteraceae): A Review on its Ethnomedicinal Prominence and Taxonomy with Emphasis on Foliar Anatomy, Morphology, and Molecular Phylogeny: Ethnomedicinal Prominence and Taxonomy of Artemisia. Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences: B. Life and Environmental Sciences, 57(1), 1-28. http://www.ppaspk.org/index.php/PPAS-B/article/view/1009/596
Matallah, S., & Abbas, K. (2015). Étude du fonctionnement du système agrosylvo-pastoral du Nord-Est algérien par une typologie. Livestock Research for Rural Development, 27(5), Article 99 (in French). http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd27/5/mata27099.html
Oikonomou, D., Vrahnakis, M., Yiakoulaki, M., Xanthopoulos, G., & Kazoglou, Y.(2023). Grazing as a Management Tool in Mediterranean Pastures: A Meta-Analysis Based on A Literature Review. Land, 12(7), 1290. https://doi.org/10.3390/land12071290
Ojoatre, S., Barlow, J., Jacobs, S. R., & Rufino, M. C. (2024). Recovery of aboveground biomass, soil carbon stocks and species diversity in tropical montane secondary forests of East Africa. Forest Ecology and Management, 552, 121569. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2023.121569
Poorter, L., Amissah, L., Bongers, F., Hordijk, I., Kok, J., Laurance, S. G., ... & van der Sande, M. T. (2023). Successional theories. Biological Reviews, 98(6), 2049-2077. https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.12995
Sitou, M. I., Guimbo, I. D., Rabiou, H., Mahamadou, S. M., & Mahaman, M.O. (n.d.). Analysis of farmers’ criteria for assessing the palatability of spontaneous forage grasses and the functioning of natural pastures in the central-western region of Niger (Sahelian West Africa). OSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (IOSR-JAVS), 14 (4), 68-80. https://www.iosrjournals.org/iosr-javs/papers/Vol14-issue4/Series-1/K1404016880.pdf
Yé, L., Lata, J. C., Nacro, H. B., & Barot, S. (2016). Grazing Effects on Herbaceous Biomass and Chemical and Biological Soil Parameters in a Shrub Savanna in Burkina Faso. International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 10(6), 2539–2554. (in French). DOI: 10.4314/ijbcs.v10i6.11
Yerou, H., Belgharbi, B., Homrani, A., Miloudi, A., & Homrani, A. (2022). Impact of restoration through enclosure on the pastoral potential of a steppe range dominated by Artemisia herba alba in western Algeria. Livestock Research for Rural Development, 34(2) Article 8. (in French). https://www.lrrd.org/lrrd34/2/3408hour.html
Yerou, H., Belgherbi, B., Slimen, I. B., & Chniter, M. (2023). Production and nutritional value of forage shrubs as feed support for meat goats: Case of Pistacia lentiscus and Calycotome spinosa in the semi-arid cork oak forest of Northwestern Algeria (in french). Livestock Research for Rural Development,35, 3, Article 25. http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd35/3/3525hour.html
Zainelabdeen, Y. M., Yan, R., Xin, X., Yan, Y., Ahmed, A. I., Hou, L., & Zhang, Y. (2020). The impact of grazing on the grass composition in temperate grassland. Agronomy, 10(9), 1230. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10091230
Zhang, Q., Lu, Y., Zhang, C., Yao, B., & Su, J. (2023). Effect of moderate livestock grazing on soil and vegetation characteristics in zokor mounds of different
ages. Scientific Reports, 13(1), 12459. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-39530-7
Arbouche, Y., Arbouche, R., Arbouche, H. S., Arbouche, F., & Mennani, A. (2016). Production and nutritional values of floodplain meadows in Northeast Algeria. Livestock Research for Rural Development, 28(2). (In French). http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd28/2/arbo28029.htm
Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC). (1990). Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists, 15th edition Washington DC. https://law.resource.org/pub/us/cfr/ibr/002/aoac.methods.1.1990.pd
Boukerker, H., Boumedjene, M.R, Doughbege, A. E, Belhouadjeb, F.A, Kherifi, W., Hecini, L & Bekiri, F. (2021). State of pastoral resources in the Algerian steppe regions: main factors of degradation and definition of preservation and rehabilitation actions. Livestock Research for Rural Development. 33(140). http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd33/12/33140hbouk.htm
Braun-Blanquet, J. (1951). Pflanzensoziologische einheiten und ihre klassifizierung. Vegetatio Acta Geobot, 126-133. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00338286
Bricarello, P. A., Longo, C., da Rocha, R. A., & Hötzel, M. J. (2023). Understanding Animal-Plant-Parasite Interactions to Improve the Management of Gastrointestinal Nematodes in Grazing Ruminants. Pathogens, 12(4), 531. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12040531
Chaher Houd, K., Chibani, K., Mebirouk-Boudechiche, L., & Matallah, S. (2020). Impact of fallow management on soil quality, floristic composition, and nutritional value in Constantine (Algeria). AFPF Days – Producing Forages Tomorrow, March 25-26.(in French. https://afpf-asso.fr/acte/journees-de-printemps-2020?acte=695
Chebli, Y., El Otmani, S., Elame, F., Moula, N., Chentouf, M., Hornick, J. L., & Cabaraux, J. F. (2021). Silvopastoral system in Morocco: Focus on their importance, strategic functions, and recent changes in the Mediterranean side. Sustainability, 13(19), 10744 . https://doi.org/10.3390/su131910744
Cherednichenko, O. V., Gavrilova, T. M., Borodulina, V. P., Zhelezova, S. D., & Elumeeva, T. G. (2021). Structure of aboveground phytomass of abandoned and managed mesic meadows in the forest zone: a case study from the Central Forest Reserve, Russia. Botany Letters, 168(2), 297-309. https://doi.org/10.1080/23818107.2021.1884899
Daget, P., & Poissonet, J. (1971). A phytological analysis method for meadows: Application criteria. Annales Agronomiques, 22, 5-41. (in French). https://agritrop.cirad.fr/537178/
Dan Gomma A., Issa S., Abasse T., & Banoin M. (2019). Effects of forage harvesting on the environment and on agro-silvo-pastoral and commercial activities in the Sahelian regions of Niger. International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 13(6), 2590 2602. (in French). https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v13i6.13
Davies, K. W., Copeland, S. M., & Bates, J. D. (2022). Grazing effects on shrub induced resource islands and herbaceous vegetation heterogeneity in sagebrush-steppe communities. Global Ecology and Conservation, 35, e02106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2022.e02106
Djohy, G. L., Bouko, B. S., Dossou, P., & Yabi, J. (2022). Productivity of natural pastures and pastoral mobility practices in the context of climate change in West Africa. Revue Marocaine des Sciences Agronomiques et Vétérinaires, 10(1), 92-105. (in French). https://www.agrimaroc.org/index.php/Actes_IAVH2/article/view/1077
Dobignard A. & chatelain C. (2010/2013). Index of the Flora of North Africa. Ed. Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques, Geneva. http://www.villege.ch/musinfo/bd/cjb/africa/
El Housni, A., El Maadoudi, A.H., & Bendaou, M. (2013). Strategies for improving the nutritional value of fallow land in Morocco. Mediterranean Options, A, 108, 115-120. (in French). https://om.ciheam.org/om/pdf/a108/00007623.pdf
Godinot, O., Foray, S., Lemosquet, S., Delaby, L., & Edouard, N. (2022). From the animal to the territory, a critical look on nitrogen use efficiency of dairy cattle systems. INRAE Productions Animales, 35(1), 43-60. https://doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2022.35.1.5498
Hachmi, A., Andich, K., El Alaoui-Faris, F. E., & Mahyou, H. (2018). Improvement of vegetation and soil fertility in arid rangelands of Morocco through restoration and rehabilitation techniques. Revued’Ecologie, Terre et Vie, 73(4), 401-413. (in French).https://www.persee.fr/doc/revec_0249-7395_2018_num_73_4_1946
Hempson, G. P., Parr, C. L., Lehmann, C. E., & Archibald, S. (2022). Grazing lawns and overgrazing in frequently grazed grass communities. Ecolog and Evolution, 12(9), e9268. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/ece3.9268
Herrero‐Jáuregui, C., & Oesterheld, M. (2018). Effects of grazing intensity on plant richness and diversity: A meta‐analysis. Oikos, 127(6), 757-766. https://doi.org/10.1111/oik.04893
Husain, M., Geelani, S. N., Mughal, A. H., Wani, A. A., & Bhat, G. M. (2019). Floristic composition of alpine grassland in Gulmarg, Kashmir. Range Management
and Agroforestry, 40(2), 188-195. https://www.indianjournals.com/ijor.aspx?target=ijor:rma&volume=40&issue=2&article=003
Hussain, A. (2020). The Genus Artemisia (Asteraceae): A Review on its Ethnomedicinal Prominence and Taxonomy with Emphasis on Foliar Anatomy, Morphology, and Molecular Phylogeny: Ethnomedicinal Prominence and Taxonomy of Artemisia. Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences: B. Life and Environmental Sciences, 57(1), 1-28. http://www.ppaspk.org/index.php/PPAS-B/article/view/1009/596
Matallah, S., & Abbas, K. (2015). Étude du fonctionnement du système agrosylvo-pastoral du Nord-Est algérien par une typologie. Livestock Research for Rural Development, 27(5), Article 99 (in French). http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd27/5/mata27099.html
Oikonomou, D., Vrahnakis, M., Yiakoulaki, M., Xanthopoulos, G., & Kazoglou, Y.(2023). Grazing as a Management Tool in Mediterranean Pastures: A Meta-Analysis Based on A Literature Review. Land, 12(7), 1290. https://doi.org/10.3390/land12071290
Ojoatre, S., Barlow, J., Jacobs, S. R., & Rufino, M. C. (2024). Recovery of aboveground biomass, soil carbon stocks and species diversity in tropical montane secondary forests of East Africa. Forest Ecology and Management, 552, 121569. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2023.121569
Poorter, L., Amissah, L., Bongers, F., Hordijk, I., Kok, J., Laurance, S. G., ... & van der Sande, M. T. (2023). Successional theories. Biological Reviews, 98(6), 2049-2077. https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.12995
Sitou, M. I., Guimbo, I. D., Rabiou, H., Mahamadou, S. M., & Mahaman, M.O. (n.d.). Analysis of farmers’ criteria for assessing the palatability of spontaneous forage grasses and the functioning of natural pastures in the central-western region of Niger (Sahelian West Africa). OSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (IOSR-JAVS), 14 (4), 68-80. https://www.iosrjournals.org/iosr-javs/papers/Vol14-issue4/Series-1/K1404016880.pdf
Yé, L., Lata, J. C., Nacro, H. B., & Barot, S. (2016). Grazing Effects on Herbaceous Biomass and Chemical and Biological Soil Parameters in a Shrub Savanna in Burkina Faso. International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 10(6), 2539–2554. (in French). DOI: 10.4314/ijbcs.v10i6.11
Yerou, H., Belgharbi, B., Homrani, A., Miloudi, A., & Homrani, A. (2022). Impact of restoration through enclosure on the pastoral potential of a steppe range dominated by Artemisia herba alba in western Algeria. Livestock Research for Rural Development, 34(2) Article 8. (in French). https://www.lrrd.org/lrrd34/2/3408hour.html
Yerou, H., Belgherbi, B., Slimen, I. B., & Chniter, M. (2023). Production and nutritional value of forage shrubs as feed support for meat goats: Case of Pistacia lentiscus and Calycotome spinosa in the semi-arid cork oak forest of Northwestern Algeria (in french). Livestock Research for Rural Development,35, 3, Article 25. http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd35/3/3525hour.html
Zainelabdeen, Y. M., Yan, R., Xin, X., Yan, Y., Ahmed, A. I., Hou, L., & Zhang, Y. (2020). The impact of grazing on the grass composition in temperate grassland. Agronomy, 10(9), 1230. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10091230
Zhang, Q., Lu, Y., Zhang, C., Yao, B., & Su, J. (2023). Effect of moderate livestock grazing on soil and vegetation characteristics in zokor mounds of different
ages. Scientific Reports, 13(1), 12459. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-39530-7
Publicado
2024-03-13
Como Citar
Matallah, S., & Matallah, F. (2024). Efeito do pastejo na composição e na diversidade florística durante o pousio em El-Tarf, Argélia. Revista Da Faculdade De Agronomia Da Universidade De Zulia, 41(1), e244110. Obtido de https://produccioncientifica.luz.edu.ve/index.php/agronomia/article/view/41707
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Direitos de Autor (c) 2024 Saida Matallah, Fouzi Matallah
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