Fact-checking: A theoretical review of its foundations, approaches and use in the mass media
Abstract
This study analyzes the different problems faced by Venezuela due to the excessive proliferation of online content in different areas (political, social, economic, sports, cultural, among others), as well
as the absence of effective mechanisms to control the propagation of negative intentions that distort
information, which has generated alterations in the country’s communicational ecosystems. The re-
search was based on the theoretical contributions of Wardle (2024), Rubin, V. L. (2022) and Browne
(2024). The methodology was a documentary, with bibliographic design of 36 study documents for this
theoretical review. The technique used was the work sheet. The results show a strong theoretical
link between fact-checking and the need to face the complex Venezuelan information environment. In this context, the so-called “Trumpet of disinformation” acquires special relevance, due to the growing influence of Artificial Intelligence, whose unregulated and unmonitored use aggravates the information credibility crisis in the country. It is concluded that it is urgent to strengthen Fact-checking practices in Venezuela as a key strategy to counteract disinformation. This implies not only the incorporation of advanced technologies and rigorous methodologies, but also the critical training of journalists, the establishment of ethical and regulatory frameworks and the promotion of a culture of verification.
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