Rutin as a potential therapeutic agent for arsenic-induced testicular damage: Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects.
Rutina, un agente terapéutico potencial para el daño testicular inducido por arsénico: Efecto antioxidante, antinflamatorio, y anti-apoptótico.
Palabras clave:
Apoptosis, Arsénico, Inflamación, Rutina, Espermatogénesis, Toxicidad Testicular
Resumen
La exposición al arsénico se asocia con toxicidad reproductiva masculina que incluye alteración de la espermatogénesis, reducción de la calidad del esperma y alteración de los niveles hormonales. La rutina, un flavonoide natural, ha demostrado efectos protectores en varios órganos debido a sus propiedades antioxidantes, antiinflamatorias y antiapoptóticas. El propósito del trabajo fue evaluar la eficacia de la rutina para reducir la toxicidad testicular causada por el arsenito de sodio en ratas de laboratorio. Ratas (Sprague-Dawley) fueron asignadas aleatoriamente a grupos de tratamiento normal, control de arsénico, rutina (25, 50 y 100 mg/kg) y coenzima Q10 (10 mg / kg). El daño testicular se indujo mediante la administración oral de arsenito de sodio (10 mg/kg, 2 días). La rutina y la coenzima Q10 se administraron por vía oral durante 15 y 7 días, respectivamente. Se evaluaron los niveles séricos de hormonas, los parámetros de los espermatozoides, las enzimas mitocondriales testiculares, los marcadores de estrés oxidativo, las citocinas inflamatorias, las proteínas apoptóticas y la histopatología. La exposición al arsénico disminuyó significativamente (p<0,001) los parámetros espermáticos (recuento, motilidad y viabilidad), y los niveles séricos de hormonas (hormona estimulante del folículo, hormona luteinizante y testosterona) y la actividad de las enzimas mitocondriales. La rutina (50 y 100 mg/kg) atenuó significativamente (p<0,01 y p<0,001) las alteraciones inducidas por el arsénico de manera dosis-dependiente, mejorando el peso de los órganos, los parámetros espermáticos y los niveles hormonales. La rutina también mejoró la actividad del complejo mitocondrial y la arquitectura testicular, mientras que el estrés oxidativo elevado (glutatión reducido y superóxido dismutasa, óxido nítrico y peroxidación lipídica), la inflamación (factor de necrosis tumoral alfa, interleucina-6 e interleucina-1β) y la apoptosis (expresión de proteínas caspasa-3 y caspasa-9) mejoraron con la rutina. En conclusión, la rutina demostró efectos protectores significativos contra la toxicidad testicular inducida por el arsenito de sodio en ratas al reducir el estrés oxidativo, la inflamación y la apoptosis. Estos hallazgos sugieren que la rutina tiene potencial terapéutico para mitigar la toxicidad reproductiva asociada al arsénico.
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Rahmani S, Naraki K, Roohbakhsh A, Hayes AW, Karimi G. The protective effects of rutin on the liver, kidneys, and heart by counteracting organ toxicity caused by synthetic and natural compounds. Food Sci Nutr. 2022;11 (1):39-56. https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.3041.
World Health Organization. Obesity and overweight [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight
Hong YS, Song KH, Chung JY. Health effects of chronic arsenic exposure. J Prev Med Public Health. 2014;47(5):245-252. https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.14.035.
Mukherjee AA, Kandhare AD, Bodhankar SL. Elucidation of protective efficacy of Pentahydroxy flavone isolated from Madhuca indica against arsenite-induced cardiomyopathy: Role of Nrf-2, PPAR- gamma, c-fos and c-jun. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2017;56:172-185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2017.08.027
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Rachamalla M, Chinthada J, Kushwaha S, Putnala SK, Sahu C, Jena G, et al. Contemporary Comprehensive Review on Arsenic-Induced Male Reproductive Toxicity and Mechanisms of Phytonutrient Intervention. Toxics. 2022; 10(12):744. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics10120744.
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Silva CS, Kudlyk T, Tryndyak VP, Twaddle NC, Robinson B, Gu Q, et al. Gene expression analyses reveal potential mechanism of inorganic arsenic-induced apoptosis in zebrafish. J Appl Toxicol. 2023;43(12):1872- 1882. https://doi.org/10.1002/jat.4520.
Uygur R, Aktas C, Caglar V, Uygur E, Erdogan H, Ozen OA. Protective effects of melatonin against arsenic-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress in rat testes. Toxicol Ind Health. 2016;32(5):848-859. https://doi.org/10.1177/0748233713512891.
Omar SM, Zahran NN, Alhotan RA, Hussein EO, Galik B, Saleh AA. Evaluation of Salvia hispanica as a Therapeutic Agent against Sodium Arsenic-Induced Testicular Toxicity in a Male Rats Model. Life (Basel Switzerland). 2024; 14(1):109. https://doi.org/10.3390/life14010109.
Pires Das Neves RN, Carvalho F, Carvalho M, Fernandes E, Soares E, de Bastos ML, et al. Protective activity of hesperidin and lipoic acid against sodium arsenite acute toxicity in mice. Toxicol Pathol. 2004;32(5):527-535. https://doi.org/10.1080/01926230490502566.
Negahdari R, Bohlouli S, Sharifi S, Maleki Dizaj S, Rahbar Saadat Y, Khezri K, et al. Therapeutic benefits of rutin and its nanoformulations. Phytother Res. 2021; 35(4):1719-1738. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.6904.
Budzynska B, Faggio C, Kruk-Slomka M, Samec D, Nabavi SF, Sureda A, et al. Rutin as Neuroprotective Agent: From Bench to Bedside. Curr Med Chem. 2019;26 (27):5152-5164. https://doi.org/10.2174/0929867324666171003114154.
Hosseinzadeh H, Nassiri-Asl M. Review of the protective effects of rutin on the metabolic function as an important dietary flavonoid. J Endocrinol Invest. 2014;37 (9):783-788. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618-014-0096-3.
Ganeshpurkar A, Saluja AK. The Pharmacological Potential of Rutin. Saudi Pharm J. 2017;25 (2):149-164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2016.04.025
Niture NT, Ansari AA, Naik SR. Anti-hyperglycemic activity of rutin in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats: an effect mediated through cytokines, antioxidants and lipid biomarkers. Indian J Exp Biol. 2014;52 (7):720-727. PMID: 25059040.
Kamalakkannan N, Prince PS. Antihyperglycaemic and antioxidant effect of rutin, a polyphenolic flavonoid, in streptozotocin-induced diabetic wistar rats. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2006;98:97-103. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-7843.2006.pto_241.x
Das J, Ghosh J, Manna P, Sinha M, Sil PC. Taurine protects rat testes against NaAsO induced oxidative stress and apoptosis via mitochondrial dependent and independent pathways. Toxicol Lett. 2009;187(3):201-210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.03.001.
Adil M, Visnagri A, Kumar VS, Kandhare AD, Ghosh P, Bodhankar SL. Protective effect of naringin on sodium arsenite induced testicular toxicity via modulation of biochemical perturbations in experimental rats. Pharmacologia. 2014;5 (6):222-234. https://doi.org/10.5567/pharmacologia.2014.222.234
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Publicado
2025-12-08
Cómo citar
Wang, Y., Hua, Z., Hui, J. Q., & Qiu, D. (2025). Rutin as a potential therapeutic agent for arsenic-induced testicular damage: Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects.: Rutina, un agente terapéutico potencial para el daño testicular inducido por arsénico: Efecto antioxidante, antinflamatorio, y anti-apoptótico. Investigación Clínica, 66(4), 408-425. https://doi.org/10.54817/IC.v66n4a05
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