Potencial terapéutico de Ziziphus spina–christi: Un antiséptico natural con propiedades antioxidantes y antiinflamatorias
Resumen
Ziziphus spina–christi, una planta medicinal ampliamente distribuida en Argelia y perteneciente a la familia Rhamnaceae, se utiliza tradicionalmente para tratar diversas dolencias debido a sus múltiples propiedades biológicas. Este estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar las actividades biológicas del extracto hidroetanólico de sus hojas, incluyendo propiedades antioxidantes, antibacterianas y cicatrizantes, además de cuantificar sus compuestos bioactivos para desarrollar una solución antiséptica natural. En un modelo experimental con ratas, se aplicaron distintas concentraciones del extracto (5, 10 y 15 %) y se compararon con controles positivo (Betaderme), negativo (sin tratamiento) y un grupo adicional control. También se evaluó la actividad antiinflamatoria mediante el modelo de edema ótico inducido por xileno, administrando dosis de 250, 400 y 600 mg·kg-1 y comparando sus efectos con el antiinflamatorio estándar NIFLUMENE (250 mg·kg-1). Los resultados mostraron una alta presencia de compuestos activos (CFT: 1,06 ± 0,03 mg QE·g-1; rendimiento de extracción: 13,6 %), una fuerte actividad antioxidante (CI₅₀: 0,004 ± 0,004 mg·mL-1) y una cicatrización significativamente acelerada con la solución al 10 % (96,25 ± 7,5 %), superior incluso a Betaderme. Además, la dosis de 400 mg·kg-1 presentó la mayor inhibición de inflamación (65,11 %). Estos hallazgos resaltan el potencial terapéutico de Ziziphus spina–christi como un eficaz agente antiséptico natural.
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