Evaluación del efecto terapéutico de una pomada a base de propóleos argelinos sobre heridas por quemaduras en conejos
Resumen
Este estudio evalúa la eficacia terapéutica del propóleo argelino en el tratamiento de quemaduras superficiales de segundo grado, combinando ensayos antibacterianos in vitro y experimentos de cicatrización in vivo. Las pruebas in vitro revelaron que, aunque la sulfadiazina de plata mostró una actividad antibacteriana superior contra Staphylococcus aureus, la muestra de propóleos P2 presentó un efecto inhibidor significativo (19,35 ± 2,29 mm). Esta variabilidad en la acción antimicrobiana entre las muestras de propóleos podría atribuirse a diferencias en la composición química, reflejo de la diversidad botánica de su origen. En el modelo in vivo, la aplicación tópica de propóleos demostró resultados de cicatrización notablemente mejores en comparación con la sulfadiazina de plata y el grupo control no tratado. Todos los grupos comenzaron con una severidad de quemadura idéntica el día (d) 1 (puntuación de cicatrización = 5). A partir del d 20, el grupo tratado con propóleos mostró una regeneración tisular significativamente más rápida, con cierre completo de la herida (puntuación = 0) logrado al d En cambio, el grupo tratado con sulfadiazina alcanzó solo un 84,5% de contracción al d 33, y el grupo control mostró una cicatrización incompleta (hasta un 88,3%). Las puntuaciones medias acumuladas de cicatrización respaldaron aún más el mejor desempeño del propóleos (2,79 ± 1,44), en comparación con la sulfadiazina (3,70 ± 1,16) y el control (3,74 ± 0,68). Además, se observó un crecimiento precoz del pelo en los animales tratados con propóleos, lo que sugiere una mejor regeneración cutáne Es importante destacar que no se observó alteración de la regulación de la temperatura corporal en ninguno de los grupos, lo que indica la seguridad del uso del propóleos. En conclusión, el propóleos argelino muestra tanto una actividad antibacteriana moderada como excelentes propiedades cicatrizantes, favoreciendo una regeneración cutánea rápida y completa. Su origen natural, facilidad de aplicación y capacidad regenerativa lo posicionan como una alternativa prometedora para el tratamiento de quemaduras superficiales. Se recomiendan estudios adicionales para investigar los mecanismos implicados y optimizar su formulación para uso clínico.
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