Perfil fitoquímico HPLC–DAD, propiedades antioxidantes, antiinflamatorias y analgésicas de Sanguisorba minor L.: Una evaluación in vitro e in vivo
Resumen
Sanguisorba minor L., una especie vegetal de la familia de las rosáceas, se utiliza para el tratamiento de diversas enfermedades. El objetivo de esta investigación es determinar mediante HPLC– DAD, el perfil fitoquímico del extracto de S. minor y evaluar sus propiedades antioxidantes, antiinflamatorias y analgésicas La eficacia antiinflamatoria del extracto se evaluó in vitro mediante la prueba de desnaturalización de la albúmina sérica bovina (BSA). El modelo de edema de pata inducido por carragenina y el modelo de pie edematoso inducido por xileno, se utilizaron para evaluar la eficacia antiinflamatoria in vivo. Finalmente, se evaluaron las propiedades analgésicas del extracto mediante la prueba de retorcimiento inducido por ácido acético. El extracto etanólico exhibió un alto contenido de fenoles totales (623,33 ± 0,01μg EAG·mg-1 extracto), pero una concentración relativamente baja de flavonoides (8,71 ± 0,04 μg·mg-1 extracto). Los valores de CI50 de los extractos etanólicos fueron 11,00 ± 0,00 μg·mg-1 de radical DPPH mostraron que era un antioxidante significativo; 3 ± 0,00 μg·mg-1 para la eliminación de radicales OH; y 7± 0,00 μg·mg-1 para el ensayo FRAP. El metil galato y otros químicos, incluyendo ácido gálico, rutina, ácido siríngico, ácido ferúlico y ácido cafeico fueron identificados por el análisis HPLC–DAD, sugiriendo que la muestra contenía una alta concentración de compuestos fenólicos. La potente capacidad del extracto para eliminar y reducir radicales libres indicó que exhibió una alta capacidad antioxidante. A dosis de 150 y 300 mg·kg-1, el extracto etanólico de S. minor mostró una notable acción antiinflamatoria, con porcentajes de inhibición de 87,22 ± 0,38 % y del 57,65 ± 0,42%, respectivamente. La concentración de 150 mg·kg-1 del extracto etanólico, exhibió mayor acción analgésica (84,30%), observándose mayor efecto inhibidor de los calambres abdominales en comparación con la concentración de 300 mg·kg-1. El extracto de la planta de S. minor es rico en polifenoles, lo que demuestra importantes propiedades antioxidantes, antiinflamatorias y analgésicas.
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