Comparación de los efectos de la plasma rico en plaquetas y la fibrina rico en plaquetas sobre la lesión tendinosa inducida experimentalmente en conejos tratados con metilprednisolona
Resumen
El objetivo de este estudio es comparar los efectos de PRP y PRF en lesiones tendinosas tratadas con metilprednisolona. En este contexto, se evaluaron los efectos histopatológicos e inmunohistoquímicos de PRP y PRF en la curación de tendones. El estudio incluyó 30 conejos de Nueva Zelanda (15 hembras y 15 machos) con diferentes pesos (1,5-3 kg) y edades (1-3 años). Los grupos experimentales se designaron como el grupo de control con esteroides (Grupo B, n = 10), el grupo esteroides + PRP (Grupo C, n = 10) y el grupo esteroides + PRF (Grupo D, n = 10). Además, los tejidos de control de un estudio simultáneo sirvieron como grupo de control vacío (Grupo A). El día 14 del posoperatorio, se extirpó una sección que abarcaba el sitio de la tenotomía del área a través de una incisión. Se observó que la curación fue mejor en los grupos C y D en comparación con los grupos A y B. En el grupo A, la infiltración de células inflamatorias, que consistía principalmente en macrófagos y leucocitos polimorfonucleares, junto con una pequeña cantidad de linfocitos y células gigantes de cuerpo extraño, fue mayor que en todos los demás grupos. El grupo B mostró una menor infiltración de células inflamatorias en comparación con el grupo A. Además, se observaron hiperemia, hemorragia, necrosis, formación de nuevos vasos y fibroblastos de diferentes formas y orientaciones en los grupos A y B. En contraste, la infiltración celular fue significativamente menor en los grupos C y D, mientras que la vascularización, la actividad de los fibroblastos y la densidad de colágeno fueron mayores. Se observó que las fibras de colágeno formaban haces más regulares en los grupos C y D en comparación con los grupos de control. Los hallazgos sugieren que la combinación de PRP o PRF con metilprednisolona sistémica puede mejorar efectivamente la curación del tendón al modular las respuestas inflamatorias, reducir las adherencias y apoyar la formación de una matriz extracelular bien organizada.
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