REVISTA DE LA UNIVERSIDAD DEL ZULIA. 3ª época. Año 12 N° 34, 2021

Nina Rybalchenko et al. /// Clasterization tendences of Ukraine's tourism sphere … 60-75

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.46925//rdluz.34.05

Clasterization tendences of Ukraine's tourism sphere and way out

of the COVID-19 pandemic crisis

Nina Rybalchenko*

Stanislav Bilohur**

Roman Oleksenko***

Valentyna Voronkova****

Iryna Verkhovod*****

ABSTRACT

The article considers the clustering trends in ukraine's tourism sector, aimed at a further rise of the

tourism industry, overcoming its negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and achieving

sustainable development. The need to create tourism clusters and other topics on the organization

of tourism with state executive authorities as well as professional tourism associations on

attracting investment and providing institutional and consulting assistance to small tourism

enterprises is being investigated. The foreign experience was analyzed, as well as the distribution

of tourist groups in Ukraine by tourist types in the period 2019-2020. Method: analysis and

synthesis, systematization of materials, historical and logical, comparative, systemic and structural,

which allowed to study the trends in the tourism industry. Conclusions. The grouping of the sphere

of tourism in Ukraine must be developed under the close attention of the government, state and

local authorities, public figures, civil society, companies, because it requires not only the

containment of the pandemic, but also the development of forms of tourism competitiveness,

investment in this industry, the provision of jobs for workers dismissed during the pandemic, the

use of the most advanced innovative technologies for the development of creative tourism

industries, which will help to get the industry out of the crisis.

KEYWORDS: cluster; tourism sector; COVID-19; investment; tourism cluster; tourism potential.

*

Dmytro Motornyi Tavria State Agrotechnological University, Melitopol, Ukraine. ORCID:

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3358-2249 . E-mail: ninarybka07@mail.com

**Alfred Nobel University, Dnipro, Ukraine. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6755-7231 . E-mail:

bbilogur@gmail.com

*

**Dmytro Motornyi Tavria State Agrotechnological University, Melitopol, Ukraine. ORCID:

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2171-514X . E-mail: roman.xdsl@ukr.net

*

***Zaporizhzhia National University, Ukraine. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0719-1546 . E-

mail: valentinavoronkova236@gmail.com

*

****Bohdan Khmelnitsky Melitopol State Pedagogical University, Ukraine. ORCID:

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9176-2574 . E-mail: verkhovod-ira@ukr.net

Recibido: 03/06/2021

Aceptado: 22/07/2021

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Tendencias de agrupamiento en la esfera turística de Ucrania y

salida a la crisis de la pandemia de COVID-19

RESUMEN

El artículo considera las tendencias de agrupamiento en el sector turístico de Ucrania,

dirigidas a un nuevo ascenso de la industria del turismo, superando los efectos negativos de

la pandemia del COVID-19 y logrando el desarrollo sostenible. Se investiga la necesidad de

crear agrupaciones turísticas y otros temas sobre la organización del turismo con las

autoridades ejecutivas estatales, así como las asociaciones profesionales de turismo sobre la

atracción de inversiones y la prestación de asistencia institucional y de consultoría a las

pequeñas empresas turísticas. Se analizó la experiencia extranjera, así como la distribución

de los grupos turísticos en Ucrania por tipos turísticos en el período 2019-2020. Método:

análisis y síntesis, sistematización de materiales, histórico y lógico, comparativo, sistémico y

estructural, que permitió estudiar las tendencias en la industria del turismo. Conclusiones.

La agrupación de la esfera del turismo en Ucrania debe desarrollarse bajo la estrecha atención

del gobierno, las autoridades estatales y locales, las figuras públicas, la sociedad civil, las

empresas, porque requiere no solo la contención de la pandemia, sino también el desarrollo

de formas de competitividad turística, la inversión en esta industria, la provisión de empleos

para los trabajadores despedidos durante la pandemia, el uso de las tecnologías innovadoras

más avanzadas para el desarrollo de las industrias de turismo creativo, que ayudará a sacar a

la industria de la crisis

PALABRAS CLAVE: clúster; sector turístico; COVID-19; inversión; clúster turístico;

potencial turístico.

Introduction

The relevance of the research topic is that the whole society, including Ukraine, is

experiencing difficult circumstances pandemic COVID-19, which affected the modern world

-

society, economy, politics, and led to the decline of the economy in general and the tourism

industry, in particular. Therefore, the modern economy has entered a crisis caused by the

global consequences, which questioned the globalization itself as such. The tourism sphere

has so far multiplied as the most affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, which, in turn, has

affected the world economy (Hernández et al, 2021). Therefore, the search for ways out of the

tourist sphere from the phase the potential bankruptcy becomes a priority task not only for

tourism itself, but also for the governments of many countries. It is no coincidence that the

concept of "new normality" as a characteristic of our existence with masks, quarantine, self-

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isolation, lockdown, social distance, caused by such terms as "2019-nCoV", "SARS-Cov-2",

"

COVID-19", influencing on the lives of the millions of people has appeared.

The research object: the conceptual model of clustering tourism sphere of Ukraine

as a complex social and economic phenomenon, develops as a dynamic process.

The subject of the study: trends in the development of tourism industry clustering

will contribute to overcoming the COVID-19 pandemic crisis.

-

1

. Literature review

For the analysis we use the works of domestic and foreign scientists such as:

(

Voronkova et al., 2020), the way global data distribution on the development of digital

technology, information technology, robotics, which are now so actively burst into the

tourist gallery, and download information in analytical information, information technology,

information technology specifically search for data about their customers or data clustering.

The work "COVID-19: The Great Reset" by K. Schwab and T. Mullery, which is a serious

study of the problems of COVID-19, which recognizes at the same level that people have not

made the ability to write in such a deep industrial collapse, the manifestation of the "New

Post-Covid Normal" (COVID-19: The Great Reset / Forum Publishing) is very relevant for

the study. In Cuomo A. "American Crisis: Leadership Lessons on the COVID-19 Example"

(

Pandemic. New York: Crown Publishing Group, 2020) Galloway S. "Post-Crown: From

Crisis to Opportunity" (New York: Portfolio, 2020), Hans J. "Economics in the COVID-19

Era" (Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. 2020) Presented a rich factual material on the course

of the crisis, provided great statistical data COVID -19 to analyze plans to analyze these

issues - Economic, social, demographic, environmental, which took part in the people' s lives

and created critical pandemic consequences. A number of papers to analyze in the article

Ryan A. Born, "Economics in One Virus: An Introduction to Economic Reasoning with

COVID-19" (Washington: Cato Institute, 2021), Caro D., "Transforming Nations After

COVID. -19 Pandemic/Management, Change, Strategy, and Positive Leadership" (Cham:

Springer International Publishing. 2021) Demonstrate the characteristics of the economy in

the pandemic period, where so, presented factual material in the pandemic crisis that led to

revision. can be compared from the 2008-2009 crisis.

For us this material was very valuable, because in its background we showed the fall

and the tourist industry, against which the existence of "newpost-covid normality" is formed,

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in which a person has to adapt and shape his being in the conditions of the economy fall,

uncertainty, instability , complexity (VUCA concepts) and to predict his future. We also rely

on our own study (Nikitenko, Voronkova, Andriukaitiene, Oleksenko, 2021), in which a

metaphysical foundation crisis was discovered, people were forced to live in a total crisis,

since the established ways of human existence in this world were lost. We appreciate the

legacy of Shcherbakov A. "The impact and consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic: socio-

economic dimensions" (MIR (Modernization. Innovations. Development). 2021), which

showed in a systematic way the development of coronavirus pandemic problems and

measures to counteract it by national authorities and international organizations, which

have already implemented a number of activities.

The works show that the sphere of tourism has suffered the most as a result of the

pandemic, and at the same time has a high ability to regenerate. According to the experts of

the World Tourism Organization, will recover in the next few months. But with some

adjustments: for example, travelers will seek environmentally friendly and more uninhabited

areas, respecting the social distance. Ukraine has the necessary tourist potential, a variety of

origins and opportunities to use, indicates the search for a way out of the crisis and the

formation of newtourist activity concept parameters. Therefore, if it is effectively used, travel

and leisure industry can be one of the key steps to overcome the crisis, providing a stable

income to state and local budgets, providing jobs and redistribute investment in their favor.

2

. Research methodology

To determine the tourism clusters components as well as genesis of their mechanisms

formation in Ukraine the methods of theorizing and historical formalization were used. To

study foreign practices of tourism sphere clusters creation the methods of system analysis,

comparison, sampling and description were used. To justify the scientific foundations and

approaches to the development of tourist clusters in Ukraine the methods of grouping,

modeling and forecasting were used. To determine the tourism cluster's place in the public

policy system of medical and therapeutic and recreational areas was determined by the

presence of scientific developments in this area. The method of system analysis and synthesis

was used, due to which it was possible to bring together into a system disparate data about

the COVID-19 pandemic crisis and made a conclusion about the tourism sector clustering

trend in Ukraine and the way out of the COVID-19 pandemic crisis. The comparative method

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or the cross-cultural analysis method allowed to compare the development of the tourism

industry in Ukraine and abroad and to show the creation conditions of the tourism cluster

multilevel model from the position of its main essence components. The axiological analysis

method allowed to reveal the tourism industry values, which are coming down to the

identification of its components such as creativity, creativity, exclusive development, well-

being, safety, adaptation. The method of cybernetic and statistical analysis allowed to

construct the distribution of tourist clusters (TC) in Ukraine by tourism types in the period

2019-2020. To distribute tourist clusters on certain functional directions of tourist activity

helped methods of structural-functional analysis, and ways out of the COVID-19 pandemic

crisis helped modeling and forecasting methods. To form a conceptual model of tourist

clustering in Ukraine as a complex social and economic phenomenon, developed as a

dynamic process, helped the method of compression analysis and synthesis. The complex of

general theoretical and specific methods and approaches which helped to solve the set tasks

and to form the cauterization model of tourist sphere of Ukraine and to find the ways out of

COVID-19 pandemic crisis was used as a result of the carried out research. Informatiological

method aimed at the use of new creative technologies BIG DATA. The research methodology

was generally aimed at the fact that the clustering of the Ukraine tourism sphere contributed

to the new tourism industry recovery, overcoming its negative consequences and achieving

sustainable development.

3. Results and Discussion

Since March 11, 2020, HEI has qualified the spread of COVID-19 as a pandemic. In

Ukraine today, due to the influence of exogenous and endogenous factors, in particular the

spread of viral diseases, COVID-19 is a significant backlog in the implementation of measures

to overcome the crisis and support the tourism sector, poses a serious threat to the

competitiveness of the industry in the global market during the predicted recovery period

during 2021. We have established that the digital economy contributes to technological

progress and under the pressure of global trends develops various economic models of

scientific and technological and digital progress, which are based on solving man' problems,

science, society (Voronkova Valentyna H. et al., 2020).

The development of the tourist sphere requires to use effective organizational and

economic instruments of public policy, which in turn provide opportunities for the formation

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of cluster structures in order to strengthen the position in the market of relevant services

while increasing economic entity's share in various consumer segments (Ortina, 2015;

Khlopyak, 2015).

Abroad, cluster models in tourism are actively implemented in Belgium, Greece,

Ireland, Spain, Italy, Norway, Poland, France, Scotland and other countries of the world

(

Lytvynenko et al, 2020). Their tourist clusters are annually visited by several million

tourists; this accounts for almost 1% of the world's trade turnover in tourism (Kovaleva,

Alisheva, 2008; Porter, 1993); Timchishin-Chemeris,2015).

Cluster structures, as a form of commercial implementation in the entrepreneurial

environment, have a rather long history of practical use on a global scale - since the 60's-70's.

since the first industrial clusters appeared in the automobile industry (Rуbalchenko, 2018;

Rybalchenko, 2020).

In developed countries at the end of the last century - beginning of the new century, the

cluster policy began to be widely used in the conditions of transition to a service economy, which

allowed improving the efficiency and quality of many services types. At the same time, there was

a certain transformation of organizational and economic approaches to the design and further

functioning of such clusters, which was conditioned by the specific features of services as an

economic good (Rуbalchenko, 2018; Rybalchenko, 2020). In modern conditions of the

information society, the "best practices" of innovation clusters were created, concentrated in the

United States, the European Union, and Southeast Asia. According to experts, clustering covers

about 50% of the economies of the world's leading countries. As an example of new forms of

tourism industry development are innovative clusters: Silicon Valley, French competitiveness

clusters, clusters in Finland, the international cluster Eindhoven-Löwen-Ahen (ELAt),

Biotechnology Valley, shipbuilding cluster in South Korea, mechanical engineering clusters in

Japan, the "Shanghai zone" of the People's Republic of China.

Taking into consideration the importance for the socio-economic development of

regions and territories, tourist clusters began to appear among the first in the foreign service

economy, which were aimed at expanding the opportunities and capacity of the tourist

market due to the optimization of relevant organizations located in close geographical

proximity and capable of forming and implementing a unified tourist product

(

Perminova,1999).

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In the mid-2000s the practice of creating tourist clusters began to spread in Ukraine.

Having analyzed the regulatory framework in the tourism sector, we can argue that the

creation and development of tourist clusters should form the basis for the formation of

national regulatory documents such as the Strategy for Sustainable Development of Tourism

and Resorts in Ukraine for the period up to 2026 (goverment portal), new targeted state

programs to develop domestic and inbound tourism in Ukraine, as well as regional programs

and strategies of tourist sector development. In the past decade, our country has accumulated

considerable experience in the formation of clusters, aimed at the maximum satisfaction of

the demands of both domestic consumers and foreign tourists. In Ukraine the clusters are

created and function on the basis of such tourist centers:

1

) Kamyanets-Podilsky tourist cluster, providing for the development of cognitive

tourism, the provision of services for long-term accommodation, catering, health, as well as

the organization and holding festivals and fairs;

2) Lviv Tourist Alliance with the Lviv promotion in domestic and international

tourism markets, in turn, requires the implementation of activities to improve the

competitiveness of domestic tourism services and infrastructure of the said city

(

Rybalchenko, 2020).

The percentage distribution of tourist clusters in Ukraine by type of tourism in 2019

and 2020 is shown in Fig. 1.

But there are a enough problems with the implementation of the clustering

principles in the tourism sphere in Ukraine. In our opinion, they include the following:

. Insufficient level of utilization of allocated funds, violation of the terms of design,

1

installation and construction works, failure to meet the schedule of commissioning of

facilities, negligent attitude to the process of acceptance-transfer of facilities to the regional

balance, and the like. Thus, back in 2016, the program for the creation of tourist clusters

provided for the opening of 16 clusters, not a single one was fully completed, and from 25

facilities that provide tourist infrastructure, only 11 were put into operation, that is, 44%. As

of October 1, 2017, their technical readiness ranged from 30% to 77% (Shelemet'va, 2019)

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Fig. 1. Distribution of tourist clusters (TC) in Ukraine by type of tourism in 2019-2020.

Source: compiled from data.

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

26.1

25

24.9

19.1

16.7

16.8

4.8

1

14.9

12.5 12.5

9.5

7.2

2019 р.

2020 р.

ТК TC in the sphere of cultural and educational, rural and ecological tourism

TC in the sphere of religious and ethnic tourism

TC in sports and mountain ski tourism

TC in the sphere of cruise, gastronomic and entertainment tourism

TC in medical and health tourism

TC in online tourism (e-tourism)

The experience of creation and functioning of tourist clusters abroad shows that the

basis of their activity is the provision of services for comfortable accommodation, proper

catering and organization of thematic, educational, agrotouristic and other recreational

activities and occupations. As you know, in Greece there is an active tourist cluster "Wine,

Gastronomy, Tourism", in Northern Scotland - rural (green) tourist cluster, in the Republic

of Poland - cluster "Pottery wheel", "Baltic coast", etc. These and other countries have defined

their tourist smart specialization, which allows qualitatively differ and win in the national

and international tourist markets (Rybalchenko, 2018).

2. the use of corrupt schemes in the allocation and investment of funds, allocated

overstatement of the cost of work to create the cluster, non-payment and delays in wages

and social security during the preparatory work during the construction or reconstruction

phase, and the like. One of the most famous cases is the initiation of criminal cases

(

Rybalchenko, 2018).

Lack of use of the cost method of determining the cost of creating or modernizing

tourist cluster facilities in the formation of programs of budgetary expenditure on relevant

projects. In contrast to the practice of some foreign countries, in Ukraine certain financial

resources are first allocated for the years of life cycle of the cluster project, selected within

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the framework of strategic development programs at the state or regional level, and the main

task of participants is related to the maximum development of these funds in the declared

period. An alternative approach to financing the creation of a tourist cluster should be

considered the experience of a number of countries, when the allocation of budgetary funds

takes place either after the completion of the entire set of tourist infrastructure of the

cluster, or at the final stage of construction (Rybalchenko, 2020; Perminova, 1999).

4

. As shows not only the Ukrainian, but also foreign practice, at the beginning of the

use of mechanisms of the cluster approach in tourism most often created the so-called tourist

and recreational clusters, the mission and purpose of which is associated with the provision

of recreation and leisure tourists on the basis of entertainment industry infrastructure and a

number of types of tourism (environmental, sports, cultural and informative). However, over

time, the situation is changing and tourism and recreation clusters are being replaced by more

differentiated and complex projects.

Tourist clusters can be distributed according to certain functional areas of tourist

activity (Table 1).

In modern conditions and in the future we should talk primarily about the need for the

formation of large sanatorium-resort complexes using the principles of clustering, than about

clusters in the field of medical and health tourism. The main difference, based on the classical

definitions of cluster in the field of tourism and recreation, will be in the issues of delimitation

of areas of responsibility and status of the structure participants. In the context of the health

resort complex we are talking about one organization, which provides a wide range of

services of therapeutic and recreational orientation. A health cluster, on the other hand,

involves a number of independent participants who combine their efforts to achieve the

socio-economic objectives of the implemented project (Radchenko, 2019; Pokolodna,

Polchaninova, 2019)

From the point of view of further and prospective development of tourism sphere,

there is a need for formation and prolongation of the integrative form of cluster structure - a

cluster in the sphere of medical and therapeutic and medical tourism, which would unite the

advantages of each of the components and would be aimed at solving the problems of the

tourist market both at international and national levels.

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Table 1.Tourism cluster types

№

The cluster name depending

on the scientific division of

tourism types

The cluster name

depending on the tourism tourist clusters by

type defined in the Law of

Ukraine "On Tourism" and

the Strategy for

Distribution of

tourism type

Sustainable Development

of Tourism and Resorts

1

Ecological and sports (Ski)

tourism clusters

Ecological (green) tourism

cluster

33%

25%

2

Cultural and educational,

historical and ethnographic,

and pilgrimage tourism

clusters

Ethnic, rural, cultural,

educational and religious

tourism cluster

3

Tourist and recreational

direction tourist clusters

Mountain and sports

tourism clusters

16,7%

12,5%

4

Cruise tourism clusters

Scientific and educational,

gastronomic, cruise and

entertainment tourism

clusters

5

Medical and health direction

tourism clusters

Medical and health-

improving tourism

clusters

12,5%

Source: compiled on the basis of (Radchenko, 2019).

As you know, the most common are structural and functional schemes of already

existing cluster initiatives in different regions of Ukraine, which are located in the West,

South and East. In this context, a significant number of initiatives implemented within the

framework of rural, green, ethnographic and other types of tourism was stated. However, in

modern conditions, the relevance of studying the type of medical and therapeutic tourism

clusters. Existing clusters and cluster initiatives allow to assert that their typification should

be carried out on the basis of the criterion of reasonable and weighted specialization, so to

say "topical". This model of tourist cluster in the medical and therapeutic-health sphere is

based on the structure of participants, specific types of their cooperation, determined at the

level of reasonable specialization.

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According to our belief, one of the promising tourist clusters in the medical and

health-improving sphere can be recognized as a cluster in the Kherson region, can provide

tourism services balneological direction. This region has a significant amount of natural and

recreational resources (mud, geysers, mineral waters, etc.), which will allow this cluster to

develop actively. Kherson is a center of health tourism. Tourist cluster will be realized on its

territory within 5-6 years. Preliminarily the implementation of the project requires funds

from the state and / or local budgets. According to the preliminary estimations, creation of

the tourist infrastructure for the newtourist cluster will cost more than 2 mln. It is estimated

that the creation of a newtourism cluster will cost more than 2 million USD, and the planned

extra-budgetary investment must be more than 4,800,000 USD. Dollars. USD (Rybalchenko,

2020), (Pokolodna, Polchaninova, 2012). As part of the creation of this sub-cluster, it is

necessary to modernize electrical networks, water supply, as well as to reconstruct

driveways and roads in sanatorium-resort complexes.

Prospective is the creation of clusters of medical and health tourism in the ski areas of

the Carpathians, in particular in the settlements of Kvasy, Rakhiv and others. On their territory

there is a significant number of medicinal mineral springs, a lot of medicinal plants grows,

which is facilitated by the special climatic zone, etc. On the creation of clusters of medical and

therapeutic and health tourism in Agrotouristic area, it is possible to realize it as part of the

promotion of rural health tourism in the settlements of Odessa, Ivano-Frankivsk,

Khmelnytsky, Vinnytsia, etc. (in particular, in the cities of Kvasy, Rakhiv, etc.). (In particular,

in settlements Bakota, Satanov, Khmelnik, etc.) (Grimak, 2019). So, we should rather talk

about the formation of large sanatorium-resort complexes using the principles of clustering,

and then about clusters in the field of medical and therapeutic and health tourism. The

disadvantages in the organizational and functional activity of clusters of this type include the

following:

1) the complexity of differentiation of participants, including the functions that they

perform, conventionally among them can be distinguished leading and auxiliary participants,

as well as other partners;

2) imperfect state of the resource and infrastructure base of medical and health tourism

clusters (it is clear that they should include, first of all, not tourist attractions, but have the

necessary resource and material base of medical and health tourism);

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3) lack of determination of the key vectors of the participants of medical and health

tourism clusters, and, consequently, their interaction directions [ibid].

Multilevel model of tourist cluster, in particular in medical and therapeutic and

health-improving spheres, can also be considered from the position of its basic essence

components, schematically represented by corresponding colocenters (Fig. 2). In this case,

the basic level of tourist cluster, which functions in medical and therapeutic and health-

improving spheres, is appropriate to present in the mnemonic (schematic) model as a central

circle (core). The constituent parts of this colocenter are the entities that provide basic

services to the recreationists, as well as for the maintenance of medical and tourist

attractions.

There is no doubt that the tourism industry has been shaken by the pandemic

"

COVID-19," resulting in a serious crisis in this area and reset serious imbalances, resulting

in the results of the fall and the global economy. The "COVID-19" pandemic acted as a catalyst

of crisis processes which occurred in the form of financial shocks, - notes G. Scherbakov in

his article "Influence and consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic: social and economic

dimensions.

The efficiency and innovation in the tourism sphere can be provided by tourist

clusters, because the creation of 10 such clusters within 5 years gives the possibility for the

state to get additional 500 million dollars into the budget, to attract from 800 million to 150

million dollars of investments into the tourist sphere, and also to create 800 workplaces in it

and in the adjacent spheres (Georgieva, & Malpass,2020; Grimak, 2019).

The next linking colocenters are represented by partner structures. They provide

additional services to the recreationists on the territory of the tourist cluster. At this level,

it is important to establish cooperation with the basic subjects of the tourist cluster (i.e.

internal first colocenter). As for ensuring the affiliation of the tourist cluster functioning

through the organization of accompanying activities, it is represented graphically by the

appropriate so to say peripheral colocenter, within which the state authorities, self-

governing organizations, etc. carry out their activities. It should be emphasized that at the

level of tourist cluster support it can monitor the state of establishing ties between

"

partners" and "main subjects of tourist cluster", providing respectively basic and additional

tourist services.

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Fig. 2. The place of the tourism cluster of medical and therapeutic and recreational direction

in the system of public policy. Source: compiled on the basis of the provisions of the Law of

Ukraine " About tourism " (zakon0.rada.gov.ua, 2015) and analysis of existing scientific

developments in this area (www.ukrinform.ua, 2018).

Government authorities

Accompanying level

Investment companies

and funds

Local government

Tourist provisions

Partner level

Owners of medical,

sanatorium and other

tourist complexes

Recreational activities

Transport services

Basic level

Other tourism

Providers of medical

enterprises

and tourist and

medical and health

services

Information and

Excursion service

advertising services

Educational and

scientific institutions

Public organizations

International

organizations

Conclusions

Thus, in the process of the study it was found out that overcoming the problems of

pandemic coronavirus COVID-19 "came to the forefront, which combined economic, social,

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Nina Rybalchenko et al. /// Clasterization tendences of Ukraine's tourism sphere … 60-75

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.46925//rdluz.34.05

demographic, environmental consequences, as well as the distribution of tourist clusters in

Ukraine, which is modified by increasing the influence of exogenous and endogenous factors

on the sphere of tourism. Provided such influence remains in the nearest future, tourist

clusters will actively develop in the sphere of cultural-cognitive, ecological, rural, sports,

medical, therapeutic and e-tourism. COVID-19 pandemic acted as a catalyst for crisis

processes that occurred in the form of financial turmoil.

Conditions for clustering should be shaped in such a way as to strive to attract

investment, especially foreign investment, but for this participants often lack the necessary

managerial knowledge and they are forced to seek support from the authorities or business

partners.

In order to help these initiators of tourism development, as well as other entrepreneurs

in the tourism sector throughout Ukraine, we propose to coordinate the actions of the

authorities, professional tourist associations and entities to organize tourism on the terms of

mutual support, assistance (especially advisory and institutional) and both tangible and

intangible benefits.

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