Levels of Reading Comprehension Associated with Cognitive Skills in
Basic Primary School Students
Abstract
Currently, reading is increasingly important worldwide for the optimal development of quality
education due to its use in diverse areas of knowledge and contexts where people interact.
However, it also represents one of the most significant obstacles in academic training, as many
students struggle to read, analyze, and discuss educational materials. The purpose of this work is
to describe the key characteristics and properties of reading, reading comprehension, and
cognitive skills, analyzing the impact on reading comprehension levels and their association with
cognitive skills in primary school students. The methodology applied had a qualitative approach,
with documentary design and descriptive scope, based on the search, analysis and interpretation
of information obtained from documentary sources. The findings highlight the importance of the
interaction between reading, reading comprehension, and cognitive processes in students'
academic development. In conclusion, it is clear that cognitive skills and reading comprehension
are closely related, as students progressively develop their ability to interpret text. Through
reading, they progress from literal identification of information to critical analysis of content,
which strengthens their analytical thinking and synthesis skills.
Keywords: reading, reading comprehension, cognitive skills, basic primary education
Introducción
En la actualidad, a nivel mundial, la lectura cada vez tiene más importancia en el
desarrollo óptimo de una educación de calidad, debido al empleo de diversas áreas del saber y
contextos, traduciéndose ello en un hábito donde interactúan las personas. En atención a ello,
Estevez (2021) plantea que, mediante una práctica habitual constante y uso de estrategias
efectivas de lectura, se incentiva al estudiante a mejorar su capacidad para identificar ideas
principales, establecer secuencias y realizar comparaciones que les permitirán alcanzar una
comprensión más profunda del contenido leído.
La lectura y la comprensión lectora es un tema investigado por diversos autores, quienes
expresan que la lectura es un proceso constructivo individual, interactivo e integrativo,
estratégico, automático y metacognitivo, y para su comprensión es necesaria la interpretación,
identificación, precisión lingüística, inferencia y el sentido crítico de quien la realiza. La lectura