https://produccioncientifica.luz.edu.ve/index.php/cuestiones <p>The journal Cuestiones Políticas, is a publication sponsored by the Institute of Political Studies and Public Law "Dr. Humberto J. La Roche" (IEPDP) of the Faculty of Legal and Political Sciences of the University of Zulia. Its objectives include: To publish high-impact articles in the areas of political science, law and social sciences in general aimed at the study of the political and legal phenomenon and to disseminate the scientific production in political science, law, or social sciences of an international community of researchers interested in topics relevant to politics, law, and global society. Political Issues appears at least twice a year and publishes original works with advances or research results in the areas of Political Science and Public Law, which are submitted for the consideration of qualified arbitrators.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> Universidad del Zulia es-ES Political Questions 0798-1406 <p><strong>Copyright</strong></p> <p>The authors who publish in this journal agree to the following terms:</p> <p>The authors retain the copyright and guarantee the journal the right to be the first publication where the article is presented, which is published under a Creative Commons Attribution License, which allows others to share the work prior to the recognition of the authorship of the article work and initial publication in this journal.</p> <p>Authors may separately establish additional agreements for the non-exclusive distribution of the version of the work published in the journal (for example, placing it in an institutional repository or publishing it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align: center;"><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0">This work is under license:<br><a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional</a>&nbsp;(CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)</span></p> <p><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0"><img style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" src="/public/site/images/administrador/licencia10.jpg"></span></p> https://produccioncientifica.luz.edu.ve/index.php/cuestiones/article/view/44211 <p>As in other regions of the world, Ecuadorian &nbsp;production &nbsp;shows that promoting sustainable poultry farming requires a combination of effective public policies and consistent legal regulations, especially when environmental and social challenges intensify over time. Since 2008, the State has established regulatory tools for the sector, although the effective and coordinated implementation of these policies is far from immediate. Given this situation, the objective of the research is to analyze public policies and legislation on sustainable development in poultry companies in Ecuador during the period 2008-2024. Methodologically, this is bibliographic research close to hermeneutics that interprets the meaning of the texts in their original context. The exegetical exercise of the sources leads to the conclusion that, with a view to promoting the development of poultry companies in Ecuador under the paradigm of sustainability, it is essential to design multiscale, integrative, and innovation-oriented public policies. For example, it would be wise to propose tax incentives for those who adopt technologies for waste treatment and efficient water use, along with technical-practical training programs focused on rural sustainability.</p> Christian Andrés Barragán Ramírez Julio Cesar Zurita Altamirano Michelle Estefanía Cárdenas Vargas Arturo Fernando Montenegro Ramírez Copyright (c) 2025-08-03 2025-08-03 43 83 15 26 https://produccioncientifica.luz.edu.ve/index.php/cuestiones/article/view/44217 <p>Strategic planning is essential for agricultural enterprises, as it helps to have clear goals, make better use of resources and adapt to changes. This process begins with an analysis of the environment, considering external aspects such as climate, markets and regulations, as well as internal factors such as available resources. A widely used tool in this context is the SWOT analysis, which allows identifying strengths, opportunities, weaknesses and threats, helping to create more effective strategies. The definition of the mission, vision and strategic objectives is also key because it gives a clear direction to the enterprise. However, all these tools used by enterprises are regulated by the public policies of each country. Thus, the objective of this article is to analyze public policies for strategic planning in enterprises in the Ecuadorian agricultural sector. Descriptive research is carried out using a qualitative approach, analyzing information from secondary sources and analyzing the database of the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) report, which considers the following variables: government policies, government programs, intellectual property legislation and financial support. The results show that public policies focused on the development of entrepreneurship have been generated in Ecuador.</p> Flor Isabel Salazar Vázquez Kevin Stuar Carrasco Maldonado Víctor Raúl Tambo Caraguay Washinton Filamir Comboza Quijano Copyright (c) 2025-08-18 2025-08-18 43 83 27 41 https://produccioncientifica.luz.edu.ve/index.php/cuestiones/article/view/44219 <p>In today's world, characterized by the hegemony of technology in all areas of social life, discussing criminal liability for digital manipulation with criminal intent in Latin America involves addressing a complex theoretical and practical field that in many ways goes beyond the old lines of conventional crime and delves into the rapid development of cyberspace within the constant structure of the digital society of the 21st century. For these reasons, the objective of the research was to analyze the scope and doctrinal significance of criminal liability for digital manipulation with criminal intent from the perspective of comparative Latin American digital law. To achieve this objective, legal hermeneutics was used within the framework of comparative law methodology. The results obtained allow us to conclude that there is no single definitive answer to the question: to what extent is it possible to attribute criminal responsibility when the perpetrator of the crime hides behind algorithms and dispersed networks? Rather, doctrine is constructing, &nbsp;stumbling, &nbsp;and &nbsp;reinventing &nbsp;the &nbsp;bases of imputation and the legal right at stake, as real cases challenge legal frameworks that were believed to be secure.</p> Paola Margoth Sánchez Salazar Ayrton Andrés Araujo Arízaga Fabián Marcelo Salinas Herrera Copyright (c) 2025-08-21 2025-08-21 43 83 42 55 https://produccioncientifica.luz.edu.ve/index.php/cuestiones/article/view/44363 <p>The responsibility of corporate administrators refers to the set of duties and legal consequences they assume when managing and representing a commercial entity, whether they are individuals or legal entities. The purpose of the study &nbsp;is &nbsp;to &nbsp;review &nbsp;the &nbsp;General &nbsp;Companies &nbsp;Act &nbsp;(1997) to strengthen the system of corporate administrator liability, thereby paving the way for the major changes that are taking place today in the business sphere and contributing, in a secure manner, to new business ventures. The method is hermeneutic, exploratory in scope, with a thematic analysis design. The results indicated that Law No. 26887 has gaps in the imprecision of the definition of fiduciary duties, that is, the duty of diligence and loyalty, generating uncertainty about the specific actions expected of a manager and, even more so, when their conduct is considered negligent or disloyal. The conclusion is that Law No. 26887 requires revision in terms of expanding the fiduciary duties of administrators. This implies establishing a stricter standard of diligence, like that of an orderly merchant and a loyal representative, which includes foresight.</p> Alejandra Isabel Fernanda Ochoa Navarro Lily Maribel Melgar Carrasco Luis Auberto Tello Cabello Cheryll Carolyn Alcalde López Copyright (c) 2025-08-28 2025-08-28 43 83 56 75 https://produccioncientifica.luz.edu.ve/index.php/cuestiones/article/view/44595 <p>This study analyzes the management of multilevel public governance in the implementation of policies for the execution of sustainable development projects. The methodology applied was based on documentary-hermeneutic analysis with critical appraisal. Several examples illustrate progress in sustainable projects with conservation and inclusiveness programs that promote citizen well-being, although &nbsp;obstacles &nbsp;such&nbsp; as &nbsp;fragmentation at different levels of government, bureaucracy, and financial limitations persist. The study describes sustainable public management (SPM) as an integrative meeting point for political, environmental, social, and economic dimensions, aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The readings identified the need to strengthen legal structural frameworks and coordinate actions capable of promoting citizen participation. Technological innovation is emerging as a key tool for optimizing public services for citizens and&nbsp; linking&nbsp; urban&nbsp; projects&nbsp; to&nbsp; global&nbsp; situations. However, it is necessary to train public officials, invest in digital infrastructure, and establish partnerships with third parties. A comprehensive approach that harmonizes economic development, inclusiveness, equity, and nature protection is definitely required. To achieve this, local government and citizen participation must be empowered; these are key players in the sustainability-social well-being nexus.</p> Eduardo Joel Salazar Castillo Carlos Armando Berrocal Gutarra Copyright (c) 2025-10-07 2025-10-07 43 83 76 96