Instituto de Estudios Políticos y Derecho Público "Dr. Humberto J. La Roche"
de la Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Políticas de la Universidad del Zulia
Maracaibo, Venezuela
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Vol.41 N° 79
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Vol. 41, Nº 79 (2023), 663-680
IEPDP-Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Políticas - LUZ
Recibido 07/05/23 Aceptado 08/09/23
Achievements and prospects of
digitization of public administration
spheres in Ukraine
DOI: https://doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.4179.44
Volodymyr Ortynskyi *
Serhii Pavlov **
Oksana Pronina ***
Anatolii Dykyi ****
Inha Kypych *****
Abstract
The article analyzes the legal documents of conceptual
and strategic nature, as well as the existing state mechanisms
aimed at digitization of the sphere of public management and
administration in Ukraine. In this context, conceptual tasks
aimed at the implementation and further development of
digitization tools for the activities of state administration bodies, in general,
and in certain spheres of public activity have been dened. The prospects
for the development of digital potential, which should be implemented by
key government institutions in such areas of digital transformation as:
telecommunication services and digital infrastructure; e-commerce and
virtual assets; innovations, information and communication technologies
and startups; the eld of health care; development of digital potential,
acquisition of skills and competencies of citizens, digitization of education
and e-learning, have been identied. The results obtained allow us to
conclude that, for an eective public administration, digital technologies
are an eective tool that requires thorough study and practical testing.
* Doctor of Law, Honored Lawyer of Ukraine, Director of the Educational and Scientic Institute of Law,
Psychology and Innovative Education, Professor of the Department of Criminal Law and Procedure,
Lviv Polytechnic National University. Lviv, Ukraine. ORСID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9041-
6330. Email: Volodymyr.L.Ortynskyi@lpnu.ua
** Сandidate of Public Administration, Head of educational and methodical department of Іnstitute
of Public Administration and Research in Civil Protection, Kyiv, Ukraine, ORСID ID: https://orcid.
org/0000-0002-9927-898X. Email: spavlov13@ukr.net
*** PhD., in Public Administration, Associate Professor of the Department of Public Administration
and Local Self-Government of Kherson National Technical University, Kherson, Ukraine.
ORСID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4894-1825. Email: gydkz@ukr.net
**** Candidate of Economics, Associate Professor of the Department of National Security, Public
Administration and Administration, Zhytomyr Polytechnic State University, Zhytomyr, Ukraine.
ORСID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5819-0236. Email: ditolya1979@ukr.net
***** Candidate of legal science, Associate Professor at department of Private and Public Law of Kyiv
National University of Technologies and Design, Kyiv, Ukraine, ORСID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-
0003-3678-4794. Email: 1ngysik@ukr.net
664
Volodymyr Ortynskyi, Serhii Pavlov, Oksana Pronina, Anatolii Dykyi y Inha Kypych
Achievements and prospects of digitization of public administration spheres in Ukraine
Keywords: public administration; public management; executive branch
bodies; digital transformations; information space.
Logros y perspectivas de la digitalización de las esferas
de la administración pública en Ucrania
Abstract
El artículo analiza los documentos legales de naturaleza conceptual y
estratégica, así como los mecanismos estatales existentes destinados a la
digitalización de la esfera de la gestión y administración pública en Ucrania.
En este contexto, se han denido tareas conceptuales encaminadas a la
implantación y posterior desarrollo de herramientas de digitalización para
las actividades de los órganos de la administración estatal, en general, y
en determinados ámbitos de la actividad pública. Se han identicado las
perspectivas de desarrollo del potencial digital, que deben ser implementadas
por instituciones gubernamentales clave en áreas de transformación digital
como: servicios de telecomunicaciones e infraestructura digital; comercio
electrónico y activos virtuales; innovaciones, tecnologías de la información
y la comunicación y startups; el campo de la atención de la salud; desarrollo
del potencial digital, adquisición de habilidades y competencias de los
ciudadanos, digitalización de la educación y aprendizaje en línea. Los
resultados obtenidos permiten concluir que, para una administración
pública ecaz, las tecnologías digitales son una herramienta efectiva que
requiere un estudio exhaustivo y pruebas prácticas.
Palabras clave: administración pública; gestión pública; órganos del
poder ejecutivo; transformaciones digitales; espacio de
información.
Introduction
The functioning of the modern world is impossible without the processes
of active digitalization of all spheres of life in society, which is accompanied
by the widespread penetration of digital technologies into the processes
regulated by the state. «Digital» society is a step towards the formation
of a new type of relationship between the government and society, which
introduces new conceptual and value platforms for providing services to
citizens, reducing bureaucratic obstacles, forming various information
databases, which enables public administration bodies to timely and
promptly receive any what information and how to use it.
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Expanding the capabilities of digital technologies is one of the dominant
factors in the growth of the world economy in the next 5-10 years, which
is a key driver of achieving the Sustainable Development Goals of the
country and its regions in conditions of decentralization (Muraev, 2021,
p. 2). At the same time, the spread of technological innovations carries
certain threats and disadvantages, which primarily relate to the release
of personnel, cybercrime and privacy violations. Under such conditions,
as rightly emphasized in the doctrine, the theory of modernization, which
implies a more intensive use of technologies by democratic states, should
be revised with a shift in focus to the specics of the use of certain digital
tools, their adaptation by digital political subjects, ways of construction and
mobilization by them networks (Steblyna, 2021, p. 12).
The development of democracy in Ukraine, integration into the Single
Digital Market of the European Union, introduction of e-government
and e-democracy tools into the public administration system, further
development of the information society, decentralization and creation of
united territorial communities became the driving force of the modernization
of public administration in the country. The key task of such modernization
should be the transition to a service-oriented state, one of whose priorities
is the provision of high-quality public services using modern digital and
information and communication technologies.
1. Methodology of the study
To achieve the goal and set tasks of the scientic article, a complex of
general scientic research methods was used, and the systematic approach
is its methodological basis and is used to solve most of the research tasks.
System-analytical and content analysis methods were used in the study
of regulatory and legal documents. The use of methods of analysis and
synthesis made it possible to identify problems and determine the subject
of research, to improve the conceptual and categorical apparatus of the
subject area of research. The work also applies: the method of comparison
and the systematic approach – for the study of foreign experience of digital
transformation in the eld of public management and administration;
statistical methods - to clarify the dynamics of digitalization of the sphere
of public administration at the national level; factor analysis - to justify
the system of inuencing factors on the process of digital transformation
of management; subject-object approach and abstract-logical, system-
structural methods - to develop the concept of digital transformation of
public management and administration. The method of generalization
was used when formulating research conclusions based on the results of
processing a set of materials on a relevant topic.
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Volodymyr Ortynskyi, Serhii Pavlov, Oksana Pronina, Anatolii Dykyi y Inha Kypych
Achievements and prospects of digitization of public administration spheres in Ukraine
2. Analysis of recent research
Many foreign and domestic scientists are working on the problem of
ensuring digital transformations of society by legal means and increasing
their eectiveness, which is explained, we emphasize again, by the globality
of the phenomenon, which is the information space, and the scale of the
risks and threats that accompany this process. In the focus of scientists and
practitioners are the issues of introduction of modern digital information
and communication technologies in the eld of public management and
administration, provision of high-quality public services in Ukraine,
informatization and digitization of state authorities, etc.
At the same time, despite the wide range of scientic developments on
this issue, there is a signicant range of problems of a normative, legal and
practical nature that require further development. After all, in connection
with the signicant pace of transformation of the information space, new
and urgent tasks constantly arise in this area, the successful solution of
which also depends on the success of the transformation of the «normal»
pre-digital format of this space into a new model – a digital one, which is
currently «burdened» also military actions on the territory of Ukraine.
For the sake of fairness, we should point out Ukraine’s signicant
successes in the direction of digitalization of certain spheres of life. The
system of providing public e-services and electronic identication is
developing at a rapid pace (in particular, the public services portal «Action»
has been created under the auspices of the relevant ministry, the Integrated
Electronic Identication System has been launched, SmartID technology is
being systematically implemented, and the process of optimizing electronic
data registers has begun).
At the same time, in continuation of active administrative reforms,
the functioning of public authorities and the services they provide require
further optimization of state tools for digitalization of the sphere of public
management and administration in Ukraine in such areas as electronic
commerce and virtual assets; innovations, information and communication
technologies and startups; health care, telecommunications services and
digital infrastructure and others.
Therefore, the relevance of the research is determined by the presence
of a problem, the essence of which boils down to the existing contradictions
between the need to improve the quality of public services in the conditions
of the formation of the information society, which is possible on the basis
of the digitalization of the specied services, and the insucient scientic
and applied and methodological and technological support of the specied
activity.
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3. Results and discussion
Management of society in conditions of permanent turbulence
actualized the task of comprehensive study of extremely complex and
multi-level interdependencies of processes of globalization and public
administration. Understanding the dynamics of their relationship and
interaction is of particular importance for deepening the understanding of
modern trends in the development of state-management mechanisms in
Ukraine (Aleynikova, 2021, p. 249). A strong and eective state policy can
stop the spread of crisis trends, the characteristic feature of which today is
a people-centered approach based on the introduction of the latest digital
technologies in the relationship between the state and civil society.
Digitization of the sphere of public administration involves the
application of strategic technologies of public administration, such as: the
use of social networks and communications for active involvement of the
public in administrative and political processes; provision of alternatives
in the opportunity to engage in communication with public administration
bodies; application of new methods of nding out and understanding
the needs of citizens; support for personalization, etc.; introduction of a
«digital» workplace; access to information bases as a tool for evaluating
and controlling the work of the authorities and the state; the orientation and
interest of state institutions in improving the quality of services, optimizing
the number of employees and reducing costs; use of «Big data» data and
others.
Some scientists highlight the characteristic signs of digitalization:
all types of content go from analog, physical and static to digital, at the
same time they become mobile and personal, and the individual gets the
opportunity to control his personal content, direct information requests,
form an individual trajectory of information activity; there is a transition to
simple communication technologies (technology becomes only a means, a
tool of communication), the main characteristic of the means and technology
is manageability; communications become heterogeneous: vertical,
hierarchical communication loses its relevance, there is a transition to a
network structure of communication (Cherednichenko, 2021). Digitization
leads to: increased availability, quality and ease of obtaining goods and
services; increase in the consumption capacity of the population; the growth
of intra-industry competition; increasing the competitiveness of the state’s
economy on world markets; emergence of new professions.
Digitization is inextricably linked with digital transformation, that
is, the complex transformation of public authorities, private enterprises,
etc., is associated with a successful transition to new models, channels
of communication with society and consumers of products and services,
which are based on new approaches to data administration using
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Volodymyr Ortynskyi, Serhii Pavlov, Oksana Pronina, Anatolii Dykyi y Inha Kypych
Achievements and prospects of digitization of public administration spheres in Ukraine
digital technologies, with the aim of its eectiveness. Currently, public
management bodies are actively searching for new forms of life and ensuring
the continuity of functioning, which requires the active introduction of all
forms of digitalization for high-quality and eective public administration
in order to optimize management costs, the quality of mutual exchange and
the provision of services to the population (Chorny, 2021, p. 226).
The concept of the development of the digital economy and society of
Ukraine for 2018-2020 established the provision that «with a systemic
state approach, «digital» technologies will signicantly stimulate the
development of an open information society as one of the essential factors
in the development of democracy in the country, increasing productivity,
economic growth, as well as improving the quality of life of Ukrainian
citizens» (DECREE OF THE CABINET OF MINISTERS OF UKRAINE
№ 2250-Р, 2010).
According to the Concept of the development of e-government in
Ukraine, approved by the resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine,
it is established that the development of e-government will contribute to:
increasing the eciency of public administration as a result of simplifying
administrative procedures, reducing administrative costs, applying modern
methods of public administration; improving the quality of administrative
services and their availability; ensuring the implementation of control
over the eectiveness of the activities of state authorities and local self-
government bodies; ensuring a high degree of availability of information
about the activities of state authorities and local self-government bodies,
providing opportunities for citizens and public organizations to directly
participate in the processes of preparation of draft decisions adopted
at all levels of state administration; reducing the level of corruption and
«shading» of the economy; achieving a qualitatively new level of state
and society management in general, as well as strengthen trust in state
institutions (DECREE OF THE CABINET OF MINISTERS OF UKRAINE
№ 67-r, 2018).
On the basis of these trends, in 2019, the Committee on Digital
Transformation was established, whose areas of responsibility include
the formation of the legislative foundations of «digitalization» and the
digital society of Ukraine, the administration, functioning and use of the
Internet in Ukraine, work on national and state informatization programs,
and as well as programs of the European Union «Single Digital Market»,
other programs of digital cooperation, issues of e-government and public
electronic services, smart infrastructure (cities, communities), cyber
security and cyber protection, etc.
Also, in order to optimize the system of central executive bodies, the
Ministry of Digital Transformation of Ukraine was created (RESOLUTION
OF THE CABINET OF MINISTERS OF UKRAINE № 829, 2019),
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which became the central main body in the system of central executive
bodies, which ensures the formation and implementation of state policy:
in the areas of digitalization, digital development, digital economy,
digital innovations and technologies, e-government and e-democracy,
development of information society, informatization; in the eld of
implementation of electronic document management; in the eld of
development of digital skills and digital rights of citizens; in the areas of
open data, development of national electronic information resources and
interoperability, development of infrastructure of broadband access to the
Internet and telecommunications, e-commerce and business; in the eld of
providing electronic and administrative services; in the elds of electronic
trust services and electronic identication; in the eld of ITindustry
development (DECREE OF THE CABINET OF MINISTERS OF UKRAINE
№ 856, 2019).
The fact that Ukraine intends to carry out a digital transformation,
ensuring the provision of administrative services through a secure
«single window» using modern information technologies, and spreading
digital literacy was rst stated in the 2020 Strategy (DECREE OF THE
PRESIDENT OF UKRAINE № 392/2020), and at the end In 2021, Ukraine
adopted a new Strategy for the implementation of digital development,
digital transformations and digitalization of the state nance management
system for the period until 2025 and the Action Plan for its implementation
(DECREE OF THE CABINET OF MINISTERS OF UKRAINE № 1467-r).
The specied regulatory legal documents were adopted to ensure high-
quality digital transformation in certain areas of business related to the
circulation of material values: such as state nance management, state
internal nancial control activities, monitoring and assessment of scal
risks, maximum automation of business processes, etc. In particular, the
2021 Strategy species information security in the Unied Information
and Telecommunications System of the State Finance Management
System against modern cyber threats in the conditions of digitization of
management processes and the need for data exchange (ORDER OF THE
CABINET OF MINISTERS OF UKRAINE № 1467-р, 2021) as a separate
goal.
The main approach dened by this Strategy is the centralization
of ITresources and ITfunctions of the Ministry of Finance and central
executive authorities, with the priority use of cloud technologies, the
creation of a single data repository, the gradual transition to a new level
of service-oriented systems by ensuring the availability of public services
in the mode online As part of the implementation of this Strategy, it is
planned to create a cloud infrastructure of the state nance management
system, create an interdepartmental data repository, and implement tools
for analytical processing of the information accumulated in it (DECREE OF
THE CABINET OF MINISTERS OF UKRAINE № 1467-r, 2021).
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Volodymyr Ortynskyi, Serhii Pavlov, Oksana Pronina, Anatolii Dykyi y Inha Kypych
Achievements and prospects of digitization of public administration spheres in Ukraine
At the same time, fundamental documents, which are fully devoted to
information security issues, have been adopted in Ukraine. So, in 2021, two
strategies appeared in this area at once. One of them is the Information
Security Strategy, which emphasizes that the digital transformation of
society aects the state of protection of the individual’s right to privacy
due to the increase in the number of social networks, their integration with
other social services of everyday use, as well as due to the specics of the
organization of the worldwide Internet (DECREE OF THE PRESIDENT
OF UKRAINE № 685/2021). Another document of a strategic nature is
the Cybersecurity Strategy of Ukraine «Safe cyberspace is the key to the
country’s successful development» (DECREE OF THE PRESIDENT OF
UKRAINE № 447/2021). Given the numerous threats and challenges that
cyberspace is full of for Ukraine, in the era of digital transformations in the
country, the risk of misuse of the latest technologies for criminal purposes
increases, and therefore the role of cyber security increases.
Today, digital innovations are being introduced in Ukraine in
the following areas: automated collection, storage and processing of
information; creation of digital goods and services; development of a new
digital model for the use of digital design; performance of administrative
functions; automation of manual work using robots and electronic
document management; management of production processes and supply
networks, etc.
The problems of modern public administration reform in Ukraine, in
particular in the direction of digitalization, require the development of new
approaches, which are often based on foreign experience, the skillful use of
which can undoubtedly accelerate the process of reforming the functioning
public administration system. However, it is important not only to borrow
established management models, but also to correctly build a reform
algorithm based on advanced foreign practices. In fact, in the situation of
adapting the foreign experience of reforming management, we are talking
about management innovations that require regulatory and legal support
at the level of a special regime, as both the management system and those
social relations that form the basis of public management require changes.
As noted by S. Seryogin and V. Bashtannyk, the process of adapting
foreign management experience should be carried out through the study
of: both predicted and spontaneous regulators of internal and external
inuence on social relations, which stabilize the country’s political system;
organizational means of improving the management system at the level of
the national state, if the individual criteria of social reforms are not known
in advance, are formed under the inuence of a change in the political
course (Seryogin, 2007, p. 7). Thus, the issue of adaptation to the national
conditions of state development of world experience accumulated by the
theory of public administration still remains the main scientic problem
(Meltyukhova & Korzhenko, 2010, p. 14).
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In Ukraine, the use of digital technology tools for the nancial support of
the social sphere is not active enough, as in China, the USA, India, and Great
Britain. However, the importance of this is evidenced by the decision in
2020 by the government to approve the Strategy of Digital Transformation
of the Social Sphere (DECREE OF THE CABINET OF MINISTERS OF
UKRAINE № 1353-р, 2020), which denes the directions and main tasks
of the comprehensive digital transformation of all components of the social
protection system of the population until 2023. In addition, the Concept
of the development of electronic health care (e-health) was developed and
approved, which denes the political, organizational-legal, technological
and ideological conditions and principles of the development of e-health
(DECREE OF THE CABINET OF MINISTERS OF UKRAINE № 1671-r,
2020). The implementation of this Concept is foreseen until 2025.
Each process or technology has both its advantages and disadvantages.
If we talk about the use of the blockchain system, its advantages include
durability, fast transactions, data transparency, exchange transactions
without intermediaries, and a reduction in the level of corruption. The
most signicant are the internal advantages of the application, which are
primarily related to transparency, interactivity, safety and technological
improvement of the state management and control system.
As for the shortcomings of the blockchain, it should be noted that
technical problems tend to stand in the way, and it also remains unknown
who will collect transactions into blocks and chains, that is, there is still a
risk of data compromise; large volume of data memory; impossibility to
delete or change data after it has entered the database. External threats are
caused, rst of all, by the lack of a legal basis for the use of decentralized
register technology (Shyshkova, 2018, p. 384). In general, it is undeniable
that eective modern technologies should be used to improve and modernize
public administration and control (Hrushko & Koretska, 2021, p. 34).
In the countries of the European Union, an evaluation indicator of the level
of technological development and the degree of introduction of innovative
technologies in the digital society is used – the DESI Index (International
Digital Economy and Society Index, 2022). The index covers ve main sub-
indices: connectivity, human capital, internet use, digital integration and
digital public services. In particular, for determining the DESI index, an
important component is the presence of digital skills in the population and
among graduates of educational institutions. According to the value of the
index, in 2022, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Denmark, Finland,
Sweden, Great Britain, Ireland, Estonia, and Austria became leaders in the
development of digital technologies among the countries of the European
Union (International Digital Economy and Society Index, 2022). Also,
compared to previous years, the number of people who used e-government
services increased from 58 % to 72 % (International Digital Economy and
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Volodymyr Ortynskyi, Serhii Pavlov, Oksana Pronina, Anatolii Dykyi y Inha Kypych
Achievements and prospects of digitization of public administration spheres in Ukraine
Society Index, 2022). Such countries as Denmark, Spain and Estonia have
the lead in this indicator.
The eld of e-government in France is aimed at ensuring interaction
between management services, accessibility of management sites,
expanding access to electronic payment systems and to justice via the
Internet. Taking into account the experience of France, it is expedient
for Ukraine to implement measures to train ocials in the eld of digital
technologies, take into account awareness in the digital eld when entering
the civil service, appropriate modernization of publicly available computer
systems, and rationalization of state funding in the information society.
The identied potential opportunities of the digital economy in
individual countries make it possible to conclude that most of them should
implement an active and eective state policy to overcome the «digital
divide». Digitalization of many areas of life, active introduction of the
Internet in households, formation of necessary professional digital skills
also play an important role. At the same time, countries that have reached
the highest level of digital maturity open up many digital perspectives and
opportunities for further activation of the development of digitalization
in the eld of public administration in general and in certain branches of
public production and the state.
In general, it should be emphasized that the deployment of the broad
digital capabilities of the world’s leading democracies requires governments
to implement a strategy for the development of the digital economy in the
context of the «digitalization» of the country, the formation of the internal
IT market, and the development of motivation among consumers of digital
technologies. It is necessary to provide a developed digital infrastructure as
a basis for the development of the digital economy, which will encompass a
complex of technologies, products and processes that will be able to provide
computing, telecommunication and network capabilities on a digital basis.
Over the past few years, a number of important steps have been taken
in Ukraine on the way to the EU’s Single Digital Market. Among the most
important factors that create positive prospects for digital European
integration: 1) legislative prerequisites: creation and active activity of the
Digital Transformation Committee of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine;
2) institutional prerequisites: creation and active activity of the Ministry
of Digital Transformation of Ukraine, appointment of deputy ministers
for digital development in all ministries of Ukraine; 3) foreign policy
prerequisites: activities of the EU support program «EU4Digital: support for
the digital economy and society in the Eastern Partnership», development
of the Strategy («road map») of Ukraine’s integration into the Single Digital
Market of the European Union in close cooperation with representatives of
the relevant structural divisions of the European Commission .
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Thanks to the above factors, certain successes have been achieved in
most areas of digital transformation, in particular, the most positively
indicative are the areas of electronic governance, regulation of electronic
communications, electronic trust services and electronic identication,
electronic health care system. However, the improvement of policy and
specic actions for the further digital development of Ukraine requires
increased attention.
In particular, there is a shortage of ocially approved strategic
documents that would more clearly dene the policy vectors and intentions
of national authorities for the further perspective of the country’s digital
development in terms of individual sectors of the digital market. More
intensive actions should be carried out in the areas of cyber security,
e-commerce and development of the ITecosystem (Digital transformations
in Ukraine: do domestic institutional conditions meet external challenges
and the European agenda?, 2020).
The results of the analysis of the current situation in Ukraine and the
trends of its development make it possible to determine the prospects for
the development of digital potential, which should be implemented by key
government institutions within the framework of each direction of digital
transformation in the near future.
In the eld of telecommunications services and digital infrastructure, it
is necessary to: nalize and implement the Law of Ukraine «On Electronic
Communications»; develop a clear action plan involving stakeholders to
update by-laws in this area; to make changes to the Law of Ukraine «On
access to construction, transport, and electric power facilities for the
purpose of development of telecommunication networks»; develop national
standards in the eld of radio frequency resource use, harmonized with
the standards of the European Institute of Telecommunication Standards
ETSI; speed up the process of ocial approval of the draft Strategy (road
map) of Ukraine’s integration into the EU’s Single Digital Market; each state
authority to prepare its own plan for ensuring cyber security and protection
of information and communication networks; to introduce a unied design
and rules for providing information on ocial web portals and websites
of state enterprises and institutions; develop a program to modernize the
ITinfrastructure of state authorities and ensure its nancing from budgets;
develop and adopt a national cyber emergency response plan; develop a
step-by-step action plan for the implementation of the basic EU directive in
the eld of cyber security; develop a national program of nancial support
for cyber security in Ukraine and provide the responsible authorities with
resources for its implementation.
The Cybersecurity Strategy of Ukraine, adopted in 2021, states that for
the further development of the national cyber security system on the basis of
deterrence, cyber resilience, and cooperation, it is necessary to: strengthen
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Volodymyr Ortynskyi, Serhii Pavlov, Oksana Pronina, Anatolii Dykyi y Inha Kypych
Achievements and prospects of digitization of public administration spheres in Ukraine
the capacity of the national cyber security system to prevent armed
aggression against Ukraine in cyberspace or with its use, neutralization
of intelligence subversive activities, minimization of threats of cybercrime
and cyberterrorism; acquiring the ability to quickly adapt to internal
and external threats in cyberspace, support and restore the sustainable
functioning of the national information infrastructure; ensuring the
development of communication, coordination and partnership between the
subjects of cyber security at the national level, the development of strategic
relations in the eld of cyber security with key foreign partners. The key
unifying and coordinating role in this process will be played by the National
Cyber Security Coordination Center (DECREE OF THE PRESIDENT OF
UKRAINE № 447/2021).
In the eld of electronic commerce and virtual assets, we see prospects
for the development of digital potential in the following: dene the concepts
of «electronic commerce» and «virtual assets» at the legislative level; to
introduce amendments to the Tax Code of Ukraine regarding the abolition
of taxation of income received by non-residents in the form of payment
for the production and/or distribution of advertising and improvement of
the procedure for taxation of value-added tax on transactions involving the
supply of electronic services to individuals by non-residents» in order to
create conditions for the eective administration of procedures that related
to the taxation of value added tax on electronic services provided by non-
residents in the customs territory of Ukraine; develop a clear description of
the criteria for nancial monitoring of virtual assets service providers with
the involvement of the National Bank of Ukraine in order to avoid abuses in
the virtual assets market; adapt legislation on consumer rights protection
and taxation in the eld of e-commerce to EU standards and practices;
to normalize the responsibility of business entities in the e-commerce
segment before consumers; create a single register of business entities in
the specied segment and consider the possibility of creating an online
dispute settlement system.
In the eld of innovations, information and communication technologies
and startups, we see the need for the following: making changes to the Tax
Code of Ukraine and some other legislative acts of Ukraine regarding the
conduct of business activities by residents in Ukraine in order to create
conditions for non-residents to conduct business in Ukraine without a
physical presence on its territory and their receipt of relevant electronic
trust services; develop an online platform for displaying the Ukrainian
IT and innovation ecosystem, which will include information about
IT companies, research and educational institutes, investment funds
and companies, business incubators, technology parks, etc.; to create
a national network of innovative business incubators according to the
standards of the European Network of Business and Innovation Centers
(EBN); to develop mechanisms of interaction of the domestic ecosystem
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of innovations, information and communication technologies and startups
with other international and European similar ecosystems of information
and communication technologies innovations and networks of nancial
support for innovative development; to develop mechanisms of state
support for the development of business angel ecosystems in Ukraine with
the possibility of providing tax benets and applying joint investment
schemes; to develop a freely available online database with a list of nancial
sources available to various organizations to nance innovation; register
domestic crowdfunding platforms on information resources for P2P market
platforms in the EU and the world, etc.
It is appropriate to emphasize that some of the steps we have indicated
to increase the digital potential in the eld of innovations, information
and communication technologies and startups are reected in the priority
directions of the implementation of the Concept of the Development
of Articial Intelligence in Ukraine, adopted in 2020, such as: creating
conditions for participation in the activities of international organizations
and the implementation of initiatives related to the formation of strategies
for the development, regulation and standardization of articial intelligence;
introduction of articial intelligence technologies in the eld of education,
economy, public administration, cyber security, defense and other areas to
ensure long-term competitiveness of Ukraine on the international market;
providing access to information (databases, electronic registers, etc.), its
use during the development of articial intelligence technologies for the
production of goods and the provision of services; increasing the level of
professional training of specialists to ensure the eld of articial intelligence
technologies with qualied personnel; protection of the information
space from unauthorized intervention, ensuring the safe functioning of
information and telecommunication systems; increasing the level of public
safety through the use of articial intelligence technologies during the
development of resocialization measures for convicted persons and the risk
of reoending; bringing legislation in the eld of using articial intelligence
technologies into compliance with international legal acts (DECREE OF
THE CABINET OF MINISTERS OF UKRAINE № 1556-r, 2020).
The eld of health care also needs to dene the prospects of
digitalization. For this purpose, it is expedient to develop a strategy for the
development of the electronic health care system at the state level; create
prerequisites and ensure further improvement of the data space of the
electronic health care system in Ukraine (primarily, regarding ensuring
data protection and cyber resistance within the eHealth system, conducting
its audit, introducing standards for storage and transmission of medical
information), etc.; bring the legislation in the eld of electronic healthcare
of Ukraine to EU standards; determine the prospects for ensuring cross-
border compatibility of the electronic health care system of Ukraine with
EU countries; initiate the implementation of pilot projects for the provision
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Volodymyr Ortynskyi, Serhii Pavlov, Oksana Pronina, Anatolii Dykyi y Inha Kypych
Achievements and prospects of digitization of public administration spheres in Ukraine
of cross-border electronic health care services (Digital transformations in
Ukraine: do domestic institutional conditions meet external challenges and
the European agenda?, 2020).
The following prospects for the development of the digital potential of
digital skills and competences of citizens, digitalization of education and
online learning should also be determined: develop a national strategy for
the development of digital skills and competences and a corresponding
action plan for the implementation of the strategy; dene at the legislative
level the concepts of «digital competences» and «digital skills»; support the
development and implementation at the ocial level of the framework of
digital competences for citizens and e-competencies for business; to develop
a comprehensive mechanism for measuring digital skills and competencies
in Ukraine.
Conclusions
Thus, based on the results of the analysis of the issues investigated in the
scientic article, we can draw the following general conclusions.
Digitalization of the sphere of public management and administration
should be understood as a process based on the integration of public
management and administration functions and digital technologies, which
is aimed at the transformation of socio-economic and political relations
in the information society and promotes the emergence of a new digital
culture of interaction between the government, business, the public and
the environment.
Based on the analysis of international experience in the eld of
digitalization of law, we can conclude that the system of gradual
improvement of relations arising from the use of digital rights of citizens
(United States of America, Great Britain, France, Denmark). For eective
public administration, digital technologies are an eective tool that requires
comprehensive study and practical testing.
The prospects for the development of digital potential have been
determined, which should be implemented by key government
institutions in the following areas of digital transformation in Ukraine:
telecommunications services and digital infrastructure; e-commerce and
virtual assets; innovations, information and communication technologies
and startups; the eld of health care; development of digital potential, skills
and competences of citizens, digitization of education and online learning.
Regarding further scientic research, it is essential to investigate
both Ukrainian and international bills on the regulation of the digital
transformation of our country and to develop proposals for the possible
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implementation of the positive experience of foreign countries in Ukrainian
legislation.
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Esta revista fue editada en formato digital y publicada
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Universidad del Zulia. Maracaibo-Venezuela
Vol.41 Nº 79
