Instituto de Estudios Políticos y Derecho Público "Dr. Humberto J. La Roche"
de la Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Políticas de la Universidad del Zulia
Maracaibo, Venezuela
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Vol.41 N° 79
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2023
ISSN 0798-1406 ~ Depósito legal pp 198502ZU132
Cues tio nes Po lí ti cas
La re vis ta Cues tio nes Po lí ti cas, es una pu bli ca ción aus pi cia da por el Ins ti tu to
de Es tu dios Po lí ti cos y De re cho Pú bli co “Dr. Hum ber to J. La Ro che” (IEPDP) de la Fa-
cul tad de Cien cias Ju rí di cas y Po lí ti cas de la Uni ver si dad del Zu lia.
En tre sus ob je ti vos fi gu ran: con tri buir con el pro gre so cien tí fi co de las Cien cias
Hu ma nas y So cia les, a tra vés de la di vul ga ción de los re sul ta dos lo gra dos por sus in ves-
ti ga do res; es ti mu lar la in ves ti ga ción en es tas áreas del sa ber; y pro pi ciar la pre sen ta-
ción, dis cu sión ycon fron ta cióndelasideas y avan ces cien tí fi coscon com pro mi soso cial.
Cues tio nes Po lí ti cas apa re ce dos ve ces al año y pu bli ca tra ba jos ori gi na les con
avan ces o re sul ta dos de in ves ti ga ción en las áreas de Cien cia Po lí ti ca y De re cho Pú bli-
co, los cua les son so me ti dos a la con si de ra ción de ár bi tros ca li fi ca dos.
ESTA PU BLI CA CIÓN APA RE CE RE SE ÑA DA, EN TRE OTROS ÍN DI CES, EN
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nes Cien tí fi cas y Tec no ló gi cas Ve ne zo la nas del FO NA CIT, La tin dex.
Di rec to ra
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Asis ten tes Ad mi nis tra ti vos
Joan López Urdaneta y Nilda Marín
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Vol. 41, Nº 79 (2023), 463-470
IEPDP-Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Políticas - LUZ
Principles of law in the legislative and
law enforcement process
DOI: https://doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.4179.31
Tetiana Lezhnieva *
Anzela Moseiko **
Oleksandr Samoilenko ***
Viacheslav Kuzyk ****
Oleksandr Yеrmenchuk *****
Abstract
The purpose of the research was to study the sufficien and
necessary conditions for applying the principles of law in the
processes of law making and execution. In the main content it has
been established that the principles of law should be understood
as universal, fundamental, basic provisions and ideas reflecting
deep foundations of human existence, general relations formed
by the participants of legal realities as a result of their social
interaction and as the basis for legal development. The following methods
were used in the research: analysis of biographical sources, synthesis,
deduction, comparative analysis and meta-analysis, etc. In the conclusions
of the case it has been shown that consistent adherence to legal principles
by legislative and law enforcement bodies will create an atmosphere of
predictability and stability of legislation in society. Finally, the principles
enshrined in the Constitution and codes of Ukraine should become a
prerequisite for modern Ukrainian society to implement a humanistic
concept of personality, education of legal subjects, an effective norm on
a par with other norms regulating specific relationships, and should not
remain only a statement.
*Candidate of Law Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Law, Dnipro Humanitarian
University, Ukraine. ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3382-1676. Email: k0979166393@
gmail.com
** Candidate of Law Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Law, Dnipro Humanitarian
University, Ukraine. ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0749-5491. Email: margoshamoseyko@
gmail.com
*** Candidate of Law Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Law, Dnipro
Humanitarian University, Ukraine. ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1225-6227. Email:
samoilenkooleksandr65@gmail.com
**** Candidate of Law Sciences, Senior research office at the State Research Institute of the Ministry of
Internal Affairs of Ukraine, Ukraine. ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5110-8220. Email:
k.vjacheslav.v@gmail.com
***** Docent, Doctor of Science in law, Associate professor at the Department of investigative activity,
National Academy of Internal Affairs, Ukraine. ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5722-7183.
Email: eop242012@gmail.com
Recibido el 12/06/23 Aprobado el 23/08/23
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Tetiana Lezhnieva, Anzela Moseiko, Oleksandr Samoilenko, Viacheslav Kuzyk y Oleksandr Yеrmenchuk
Principles of law in the legislative and law enforcement process
Keywords: law enforcement; principles of law; legislative activity; police
activity; legal development.
Principios del derecho en los procesos legislativos y de
aplicación de la ley
Resumen
El propósito de la investigación fue estudiar las condiciones suficientes
y necesarias para aplicar los principios del derecho en los procesos de
elaboración y ejecución de la ley. En el contenido principal se ha establecido
que los principios del derecho deben entenderse como disposiciones
universales, fundamentales, básicas e ideas que reflejan fundamentos
profundos de la existencia humana, relaciones generales formadas por los
participantes de las realidades jurídicas como resultado de su interacción
social y como la base para el desarrollo jurídico. En la investigación se
utilizaron los siguientes métodos: análisis de fuentes biográficas, síntesis,
deducción, análisis comparativo y metaanálisis, etc. En las conclusiones del
caso se ha demostrado que la adhesión coherente a los principios jurídicos
por parte de los órganos legislativos y encargados de hacer cumplir la ley,
creará una atmósfera de previsibilidad y estabilidad de la legislación en
la sociedad. Finalmente, los principios consagrados en la Constitución y
los códigos de Ucrania deberían convertirse en un requisito para que la
sociedad ucraniana moderna implemente un concepto humanista de la
personalidad, la educación de los sujetos de derecho, una norma eficaz a
la par de otras normas que regulan relaciones específica , y no deberían
seguir siendo únicamente una declaración.
Palabras clave: aplicación de la ley; principios del derecho; actividad
legislativa; actividad policial; desarrollo jurídico.
Introduction
The problem of principles of law is quite relevant in the current Ukrainian
legal development. Effectiveness of legal development, of course, depends
on the starting ideas this development is based on. People’s legal awareness
is influenced not so much by specific legal prescriptions as by general legal
ideas, provisions, postulates that establish a certain hierarchy of values, a
number of fundamental values that society should protect and be guided
by. Legal principles are basic ideas and provisions that, on the one hand,
reflect established views on the law and its essence, reveal its substantive
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Vol. 41 Nº 79 (2023): 463-470
and meaningful characteristics, and fix legal values; on the other hand, they
are generally accepted requirements that are expressed in a generalized
form and are addressed to the subjects of the law.
1. Literature review
The issue of of principles of law was studied in scientific publications by
Halaburda Nadiia, Leheza Yevhen, Chalavan Viktor, Yefimov Volodymyr,
Yefimova Inna and others. etc. And although the issue of principles of
law has been repeatedly considered in legal science, a unified approach to
understanding their nature has not been formed.
According to A.M. Kolodiy, the principles provide internal integrity to
the existing legal system, they serve to strengthen law and order, public
discipline, and guarantee realization of Ukrainian citizens’ interests and
rights. Provided they are enshrined in the Constitution, such principles
ensure the unity of law creation, implementation and protection processes.
Principles of law are a criterion for evaluating the law and they are a
methodological basis for its further improvement in the sense that at
the same time, on the basis of the principles, the level and effectiveness
of law implementation are evaluated, and on the basis of these particular
categories the law is learned and improved (Kolodii, 1999).
Domestic legislation (including sector specific legislation) does not
provide a concept of principles of law. This gives rise to differences in the
definitions proposed by scientists, in their elemental composition, this also
creates difficultie in the effective application of legal principles in law-
making and law-enforcement activities and allows us to put forward a thesis
about the need to develop a single concept and enshrine it in legislation.
At the same time, it is necessary to recognize that the legislative
consolidation of principles of law does not yet mean its final and
unconditional transition from the sphere of legal awareness to the practical
plane. It is necessary to ensure implementation of principles of law in the
process of law-making and law-enforcement activities, as well as in behavior
of legal subjects.
The nature of the state itself can be largely judged about based on the
principles the legal order is based on (Petryshyn, 2002:193). And a legal
state should optimally and in a balanced way express needs and interests
of all classes and social groups, it should become a social democratic state.
In their content principles of law fix necessary and essential connections
that exist in society and in law, they allow to establish such an order that
to the greatest extent contributes to their strengthening and development.
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Tetiana Lezhnieva, Anzela Moseiko, Oleksandr Samoilenko, Viacheslav Kuzyk y Oleksandr Yеrmenchuk
Principles of law in the legislative and law enforcement process
It is necessary to remember that the influence caused by the principles
on society consists in the fact that they help in education of citizens as well
as in formation of a high legal culture in them. Universal legal principles
of law today require in-depth handling and study in order to statically
implement them into the practice of application. Recognition, observance
and application of these principles are signs of democracy of the state and a
criterion of the “rule of law” concept.
2. Materials and methods
The research is based on the works of foreign and Ukrainian researchers
regarding application of principles of law in law-making and law-
enforcement processes, etc.
With the help of the epistemological method, application of principles
of law in the law-making and law-enforcing processes, etc., was clarified,
thanks to the logical-semantic method, the conceptual apparatus was
deepened, application of principles of law in the law-making and law-
enforcing processes, etc. was determined. Thanks to the existing methods
of law, we managed to analyze the essence of applying principles of law in
law-making and law-enforcement processes, etc.
3. Results and discussion
The principles enshrined in the current Constitution of Ukraine, in
particular, the principle of democracy (Art. 1), the principle of socially
oriented state (Art1), the principle of the rule of law (Art. 1 and Art. 8), the
principle of a human being as the highest social value in Ukraine (Art. 3),
the principle of inalienability of human rights (Art. 20), the principle of
equality of all citizens in their rights (Art. 21), the principle of pluralism of
ownership forms (Art. 15, p.1), respect for property rights (Articles 41,42),
the principle of derivative nature of state power in relation to the person
and people (Art. 3),the principle of distribution of power, the principle of
impartial and fair distribution of public goods (Art. 95) etc. (Law of Ukraine,
1996).
It is a pity that such fundamental ideas are only declarative in nature
and have no relation to the living (actual) life of modern Ukrainians.
The consequence of this consists in a total crisis of all spheres of life
of the citizenry, as well as of state power at all levels, and Ukraine’s total
lagging behind the developed democratic countries of the world, relegating
the country to the backwoods of history (Halaburda et al., 2021).
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Analysis of the existing scientific literature shows that the modern
theory of understanding principles of law in domestic legal science does not
provide the modern practice with unambiguous approaches to the way of
principles of law, and it does not clearly explain what exactly such principles
consist of, where and how they arise, etc.
In the context of the legal approach, principles of law are not only those
provisions enshrined in the legislation and other sources of legal norms,
but also the fundamental ideas of legal consciousness, which were formed
during thousands of years of human coexistence, accumulated the invaluable
experience of generations and peoples of different eras, adequately and
briefly reflect d in human interests and needs, and therefore received
general recognition in activities of justice bodies, other subjects of domestic
and international law, despite the lack of their formal fixation in objective
law(Svianadze, 2022).
Principles, as well as legal norms, reflect in a very generalized form
the essential characteristics, certain regularities of development of social
relations. However, the specificity of their nature is that they express
laws of a deeper order. Principles of law are not a product of empirical,
rational thinking typical for all legalists, (thinking producing norms at this
level), but they are a product of rational thinking, they are a synthesis of a
higher categorical level. Like norms, principles are completely suitable for
regulating legal relations, for law making, law enforcement. That is, it can
be considered that characteristics of principles of law are not only certain
requirements to the system of legal norms, but also requirements to the real
behavior of subjects of legal relations (Leheza et al., 2022).
According to O.O. Uvarova, one of the problems of such principles
consists in uncertainty of their content. Application of Principles of Law is
impossible without revealing their content, and this is the biggest problem
(Uvarova, 2007).
A rule of law is always a defined rule of conduct, imperative one or
dispositive (optional) one. Principle of law is an abstract imperative
requirement. And it is their abstract wording that “frightens o” law
enforcement officers who must be helped by scientist
The main task of legal science in the study of law enforcement function of
principles of law is to reveal their content through a system of requirements.
Analysis of practice applied by the European Court of Human Rights should
play an important role in this. Disclosure of the content of principles of
law through a system of requirements not only simplifies the task of law
enforcers, but also limits their discretion (Leheza et al., 2022).
Principles of law characterize not only the essence, but also the content of
law, reflect not only its internal structure, statics, but also the entire process
of its application. Principles of law have a great influence on the entire
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Tetiana Lezhnieva, Anzela Moseiko, Oleksandr Samoilenko, Viacheslav Kuzyk y Oleksandr Yеrmenchuk
Principles of law in the legislative and law enforcement process
process of preparing normative acts, their issuance, and establishment of
guarantees (Todyka, 2001).
It would be incorrect to say that principles of law are always on the
surface of law. Often, in order to find and analyze them, it is necessary to
delve into the essence of law. They also serve as general guidelines in law-
making and law enforcement.
Legal principles should play the role of a starting point in law-making
activities when developing and adopting new laws and codes and making
changes to existing ones.
Management of the requirements of principles of law, their consideration
in the process of forming legislation and implementation in the norms
of industry legislation will contribute to increasing the efficienc of law-
making activities, and this will also ensure the system and unity of legal
norms (Kyrychenko et al., 2022).
Legislators must constantly solve the problem of achieving an optimal
combination of stability of legal regulation and its flexibility, as well as the
ability to adequately regulate newly emerging social relations (Bondarenko,
2009). Ideally, this will enable legislators to balance interests of all subjects
of legal relations during the rule-making process; the adopted norms of
behavior will meet the criteria of justice, and a certain restriction of rights
will be allowed only for the public benefit, and not as we have today, for
example, with changes in tax, labor, pension, election legislation, etc.
Ignoring legal principles in the process of law formation leads to legal
nihilism, as well as to existence of such phenomena as collision of legal
norms, adoption of so-called “dead norms”, violation of the requirements of
the Constitution, as well as violation of the rights and freedoms of humans
and citizens.
Effectiveness of principles of law is verified by practice. If such principles
do not become a reference point for subjects of legal relations, are leveled
by them, then in such a society the principles do not reflect the real value
system of society. This especially applies to use of such principles in judicial
proceedings.
Conclusion
Thus we can state that principles of law must be understood as universal,
fundamental, basic provisions, ideas that reflect deep foundations of human
existence, general relations formed by participants of legal relations as a
result of their social interaction and are the basis for legal development.
From the point of view of the legal approach, it is emphasized that deviation
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CUESTIONES POLÍTICAS
Vol. 41 Nº 79 (2023): 463-470
from these principles, denial of them in law-making and law-enforcement
activities threaten to initiate destruction of law as such, destabilization of
social life, state-authority activity, destruction ofdemocratic values, etc.
Therefore, affirmin these principles and protecting them is an urgent task
for every individual, for the entire civil society, and for the state authorities.
Consistent and consistent adherence to legal principles by law-making
and law-enforcing bodies will create an atmosphere of predictability and
stability of legislation in society.
Principles enshrined in the Constitution and codes of Ukraine should
become a requirement for modern Ukrainian society in implementing a
humanistic concept of personality, education of subjects of law, an effective
norm on a par with other norms regulating specific relations, and they
should not remain a declaration.
Now, in law enforcement practice, lawyers with an increasing frequency
turn to the basic principles and this indicates that these principles are
gradually taking roots in our society. The main areas of implementing
principles of law in realization of judicial proceedings are the following:
application of legal principles to eliminate gaps in the current legislation;
аpplication of legal principles when making a decision on specific cases;
filling the legal principle formulated by legislators with specific legal
content; a direct indication of inconsistency of normative legal acts and
specific legal norms with the requirements of the general principles of law
and with branch-specific principle .
When considering specific cases, the court must first of all be guided
by the principles of law. When considering a dispute between conflicting
parties, the court can and should refer to the principles of law in all cases,
and especially when faced with a legal relationship not regulated by law or
when a conflict of legal norms arises. This will serve as a guarantee of correct
application of legal norms, adoption of well-founded and legal decisions,
since it is through judicial practice that the fundamental principles and
main ideas of the legal system are revealed, including those that have not
been normatively enshrined in legislation.
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Tetiana Lezhnieva, Anzela Moseiko, Oleksandr Samoilenko, Viacheslav Kuzyk y Oleksandr Yеrmenchuk
Principles of law in the legislative and law enforcement process
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www.produccioncienticaluz.org
Esta revista fue editada en formato digital y publicada
en octubre de 2023, por el Fondo Editorial Serbiluz,
Universidad del Zulia. Maracaibo-Venezuela
Vol.41 Nº 79
