Instituto de Estudios Políticos y Derecho Público "Dr. Humberto J. La Roche"
de la Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Políticas de la Universidad del Zulia
Maracaibo, Venezuela
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Vol.41 N° 79
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Recibido el 12/07/23 Aceptado el 08/10/23
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Vol. 41, Nº 79 (2023), 93-102
IEPDP-Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Políticas - LUZ
The impact of the war on food security
in Ukraine in the current conditions of
socio-economic development
DOI: https://doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.4179.06
Myroslav Kryshtanovych *
Valeriy Cherkaska **
Yuriy Kushnir ***
Nadiya Buletsa ****
Vitaliy Herzanych *****
Abstract
The main objective of the article was to study the characteristics
of the impact of the war on food security in Ukraine. Ensuring food
security is one of the most important aspects of promoting global
security, as food consumption is basic in satisfying human needs
and underlies the formation of a high level of quality of life of the
population. The research methodology involved the use of the documentary
method and the application of the dialectical approach. According to the
results of the study, it was found that the war has a signicant impact on
food security in Ukraine. However, the study was limited to analyzing
only the food security component. Further research should be devoted to
study legal security and the underlying relationship between food security,
sovereignty and legal security. It is concluded that the situation with the
blockade of Ukrainian food exports indicates that, in the modern globalized
world, an aggressor country can use both energy carriers and seizure
of nuclear facilities, as well as food, to blackmail the world community,
bringing individual countries to the brink of starvation.
Keywords: food security; socioeconomic development; impact of war;
national sovereignty; current geopolitical conditions.
* Institute of Law, Psychology and Innovative Education Lviv Polytechnic National University, Lviv,
Ukraine. ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1750-6385. Email: sulo1@ukr.net
** Institute of State and Law VM Koretsky of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine.
ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4883-9246. Email: hruba112@outlook.com
*** Department of Economic Theory, Uzhhorod National University, Uzhhorod, Ukraine. ORCID ID:
https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7303-2542. Email: edu31iu@outlook.com
**** Department of Economic Theory, Uzhhorod National University, Uzhhorod, Ukraine. ORCID ID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5868-6522. Email: tul326@ukr.net
***** Department of Economic Theory, Uzhhorod National University, Uzhhorod, Ukraine. ORCID ID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5344-6095. Email: nomar7676@ukr.net
94
Myroslav Kryshtanovych, Valeriy Cherkaska, Yuriy Kushnir, Nadiya Buletsa y Vitaliy Herzanych
The impact of the war on food security in Ukraine in the current conditions of socio-economic development
El impacto de la guerra en la seguridad alimentaria
de Ucrania en las condiciones actuales de desarrollo
socioeconómico
Resumen
El objetivo principal del artículo fue estudiar las características del
impacto de la guerra en la seguridad alimentaria de Ucrania. Garantizar
la seguridad alimentaria es uno de los aspectos más importantes para
promover la seguridad mundial, ya que el consumo de alimentos es básico
en la satisfacción de necesidades humanas y subyace en la formación de un
alto nivel de calidad de vida de la población. La metodología de investigación
implico el uso del método documental y la aplicación del enfoque dialectico.
De acuerdo con los resultados del estudio, se encontró que la guerra tiene
un impacto signicativo en la seguridad alimentaria de Ucrania. No
obstante, el estudio se limitó a analizar únicamente el componente de
seguridad alimentaria. Debería dedicarse otras investigaciones a estudiar
la seguridad jurídica y la relación subyacente entre seguridad alimentaria,
soberanía y seguridad jurídica. Se concluye que la situación con el bloqueo
de las exportaciones ucranianas de alimentos indica que, en el mundo
globalizado moderno, un país agresor puede utilizar tanto los vectores
energéticos y la incautación de instalaciones nucleares, como los alimentos,
para chantajear a la comunidad mundial, llevando a países individuales al
límite de la inanición.
Palabras clave: seguridad alimentaria; desarrollo socioeconómico;
impacto de la guerra; soberanía nacional; condiciones
geopolíticas actuales.
Introduction
Food is the most important life resource, since the quality of life of people
can be objectively assessed by the provision of it to the population. It is the
level and quality of nutrition of the population that characterize the degree of
socio-economic development of any country and determine the health and
life expectancy of a person, his physical existence. The availability of food
is a basic indicator of human life, which in many respects is an inuencing
factor on the health of future generations. With global population growth,
climate crises, the economic impact of COVID-19 and military conicts, the
demand for food is increasing.
Accordingly, the number of people on the verge of poverty is growing.
Every year there are more of them, and the increase in food production
is less. Therefore, the food security of millions of people in many parts of
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CUESTIONES POLÍTICAS
Vol. 41 Nº 79 (2023): 93-102
the world is under constant threat. The unjustied military aggression of
the Russian Federation against Ukraine has signicantly aggravated the
situation. It could cause a global food crisis. If the war is not stopped and
appropriate measures are not taken, the consequences for the poorest
sections of the population will be catastrophic.
Food is the most important fund of the vital functions of mankind. Its
deciency is usually perceived as a disaster, and its absence as a catastrophe.
Scarcity and lack of food undermine food security and lead to various forms
of food crisis: malnutrition, malnutrition or hunger. Food security is the
degree to which a person is provided with environmentally friendly and
healthy food products. Some denitions of food security state that food
security must be sucient to lead a healthy and active life.
The problem of ensuring food security today is quite acute for our
country, despite the signicant potential of the agricultural sector.
Military operations, low purchasing power of the population, technological
backwardness of agricultural enterprises, irrational use of land resources,
the growth of imported food products and other factors require activation
and scientic substantiation of ways to achieve a sucient amount of food,
ensuring food availability for all segments of the population; mechanisms
for controlling the composition and quality of products, as well as the
stability of their supply.
It is important to emphasize that in the current conditions, food security
should be interpreted as a guarantee of independence, and its provision
depends both on the pace of agricultural development and the stability
of the national economy. The complexity and importance of the problem
under study requires further focus on the consideration of strategic and
mechanisms for the implementation of state policy in the eld of food
security.
The main purpose of the article is to study the features of the impact
of war on food security in the context of ensuring its socio-economic
development.
1. Materials and methods
The research methodology is based on dialectical, systemic and
institutional approaches, according to which the food security of the state
is considered as inextricably linked and causal. In the course of the study,
general scientic and special scientic methods were used to ensure the food
security of the state. The interpretation of the main categories and concepts
is based on the use of methods of analysis and synthesis, induction and
deduction, abstraction, analogy, theoretical generalization and modeling to
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Myroslav Kryshtanovych, Valeriy Cherkaska, Yuriy Kushnir, Nadiya Buletsa y Vitaliy Herzanych
The impact of the war on food security in Ukraine in the current conditions of socio-economic development
ensure the food security of the state. All this allows us to achieve the goal
set in the article.
2. Literature review
Most scientists (Kovaleva, 2015; Pogorelova, 1993; Shpykuliak and
Tyvonchuk, 2012) note that in a broad sense, food security is understood as
the level of national food production, which makes it possible to implement
the principle of self-suciency of citizens with high-quality food and the
creation of state reserves in accordance with scientically based standards.
The solution to the food problem depends on many components, including
the main state policy. Macroeconomic, trade, scal and government policies
to support the agricultural sector aect not only the development of the
food industry, but also the development of the food distribution system
as a whole, which aects both the supply of food and the level of their
consumption.
A group of scientists (Mazneva, 2015; Sylkin et al., 2020) notes that the
micro-level of food security is the ability to satisfy a person’s nutritional
needs for productive activities. But, proceeding primarily from the social
function of the individual, in our opinion, it is advisable to consider this
level of food security in relation to a particular community (family), that is,
at the household level.
It should be noted that the state of food crisis in the scientic literature
(Lopushnyak, 2021) is a state in which violations of the physical condition
of a person occur. The state of a food threat is the existence of negative
factors that have a destabilizing eect on the functioning of the food sector,
violating its stability and meeting the needs of the population in rational
nutrition.
The state of food risk of the population is the probability of an
unfavorable situation in the food sector, which provokes an imbalance in
the diet. It should also be noted that when a threat is ignored, it inevitably
develops into a risk, and then into a crisis. To successfully address food
security, timely recognition of the factors that cause food threat and food
risk is necessary.
Scientic literature (Kryshtanovych et al., 2022; Kovalchuk, 2020;
Tislenko, 2012) demonstrates that the state of food security of the state
is characterized by two criteria: the rst is the availability of food in the
country’s food market in sucient quantities to maintain an active and
healthy life of the entire population; the second - the criterion is the
economic availability of food for all segments of the population. Moreover,
according to some authors, the basis of food security is the availability of
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CUESTIONES POLÍTICAS
Vol. 41 Nº 79 (2023): 93-102
the market, in contrast to outdated considerations regarding the stability of
production and stocks.
3. Research Results and Discussions
The war of the Russian Federation against Ukraine, which began in a
hybrid form in 2014 and continued in the form of an active war in 2022,
has signicantly aected the food security of Ukraine, the countries of
Eastern Europe and the world as a whole. The aggression of the Russian
Federation has increased the socio-economic tension on the European
continent caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and the global economic
crisis. Against the backdrop of these events in the world, the food crisis is
aggravated. In addition, the course of the war outlined a number of negative
phenomena for the state, in particular: strikes by the Russian Federation
on critical infrastructure facilities, «energy blackmail», the destruction
of the industrial and agricultural potential of the state, the destruction of
agricultural land, the theft of agricultural equipment and the iniction of
signicant environmental damage.
Such actions of the enemy have a negative impact on the food security
of the state. Since Ukraine is a signicant supplier of agricultural products
on the world market, this situation threatens other countries as well.
Therefore, an important direction of modern scientic research is the study
of the state and forecasting of trends in Ukraine’s food security against the
background of the war.
Food security is extremely important for a country, especially if that
country is at war. The food security status of a country can be assessed using
the food security index. The algorithm for calculating this index involves the
calculation of its four components and the total value of the index. The rst
component is economic aordability – it contains the following indicators:
change in average food costs, proportion of the population below the global
poverty line, inequality adjusted by the actual human development index
(human development index adjusted for social inequality), agricultural
trade, food safety programs.
The second component is physical accessibility - it involves the
denition of such indicators: access to agricultural resources, research and
development in the eld of agriculture, agricultural infrastructure, price
volatility for agricultural products, a sucient level of supply of agricultural
products, political and social barriers to access to agricultural products,
government obligations on food security and market access policy. The
third component is considered quality and safety - it occupies the following
indicators: diet diversity, nutritional standards, micronutrient availability,
protein quality, food safety.
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Myroslav Kryshtanovych, Valeriy Cherkaska, Yuriy Kushnir, Nadiya Buletsa y Vitaliy Herzanych
The impact of the war on food security in Ukraine in the current conditions of socio-economic development
The main threats to food security are shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1. The main threats to food security. Source: prepared by the authors.
In the modern world, the food security of a large number of the
population is one of the main program goals of each state and the subject of
discussion of the world community. In the context of the global permanent
nancial and economic crisis and political and military instability, when
the level of economic development of many countries has reached a
critical state, the problem of food security of the population has become
aggravated and needs to be addressed immediately. This is due to the fact
that the availability of food resources is the main condition for the existence
and reproduction of the modern world, their qualitative and quantitative
characteristics determine the state of health and satisfaction of a civil
information-oriented society.
Today, in the context of the war in Ukraine, one of the main global
problems in the world economy is food. Consequently, the problem of
food security is one of the most signicant in the modern socio-economic
development of the state. It aects the interests of dierent groups of
countries, socio-political forces, becoming increasingly important as the
international political and economic crisis deepens, the development
of world trade in agricultural products and food, and the acceleration
of globalization processes. At the same time, at the current stage of
development, it is impossible to create a strong food security of the country
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CUESTIONES POLÍTICAS
Vol. 41 Nº 79 (2023): 93-102
without the integrated use of information and communication technologies
at all stages of creation and sale of an agricultural product.
The main model for ensuring food security in the context of socio-
economic development is shown in Figure 2.
Information on the
progress of solving
task 2
Information on the
progress of solving task
3
Formation of a new food policy
Improving the efficiency
of logistics
Improving the
effectiveness of
countering threats
Task 1
Task 2
Task 3
Financial regulation
mechanism
Legal regulation mechanism
Directives to ensure
task 2
Directives to ensure
task 3
Directives to
ensure task 1
Law and Resources
Information on the
progress of solving task
1
Ensuring food security
Figure 2. The main model for ensuring food security in the context of socio-
economic development. Source: prepared by the authors.
There are dierent points of view regarding the factors that are a
potential threat to conductive safety. Thus, in particular, the point of view
is expressed that the most dangerous threats to the economic security of
Ukraine include: lack of own model of reforms and their ideological support;
deformed structure of production; lack of scientically substantiated
restructuring of the economy; ineciency of the tax system; massive tax
evasion; inecient management of the public sector of the economy; high
level of material and energy intensity of production; corruption in the
administrative sphere; imperfection of national legislation related to the
regulation of economic processes; the dominance of extractive and basic
industries with a low degree of processing of raw materials; unsatisfactory
orientation towards the production of end-use products; outdated
technologies in most industries.
In general, global food security in the context of climate change
contributes to the emergence of new threats and at the same time aects
the growth of individual vulnerability of people, society and states as a
whole. The accelerated degradation of natural resources, combined with
extremely high and low temperatures, oods and droughts caused by global
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Myroslav Kryshtanovych, Valeriy Cherkaska, Yuriy Kushnir, Nadiya Buletsa y Vitaliy Herzanych
The impact of the war on food security in Ukraine in the current conditions of socio-economic development
climate change, will lead to the depletion of the planet’s natural resources
and the inability to ensure full food security. Thus, the problem of global
food security in the context of climate change is becoming increasingly
important for a variety of reasons.
Ensuring world food security should become the top priority of state
policy, including a wide range of national, economic, social, demographic
and environmental factors. But, as studies show, one of the main factors is
the environmental factor, namely climate change, leading to loss of crops
throughout the planet, due to abnormally high and low temperatures, kept
in regions where it is not characteristic of them, a common phenomenon
of droughts and oods. causing devastating damage to agriculture and
animal husbandry. It is the factor of climate change that really threatens
food security in the global dimension and requires an immediate solution.
Due to an increase in the world population, climate crises, the economic
consequences of COVID-19 and military conicts, the demand for food is
growing. The food security of millions of people in many parts of the world
is under threat. The Russian-Ukrainian war aggravates the situation. It
could cause a global food crisis. If the war is not stopped and appropriate
measures are not taken, the consequences for the poorest sections of the
population will be catastrophic.
The study determined that global food security is under threat caused
by the Russian-Ukrainian war. Due to the fact that its parties are the largest
exporters of grain in the world, there is a risk of deepening the global
food crisis. In order to avoid the catastrophic consequences of this crisis
for Ukraine and the world, countries need to take a number of measures:
ensure the transparency of the agricultural market and global nancing of
food imports; refrain from imposing export restrictions; nd alternative
suppliers for states that depend on Ukrainian and Russian agricultural
products; take measures to prevent the spread of African plague and other
diseases of farm animals. In order to stabilize the situation inside the
country, Ukraine should focus on adapting the logistics system to restore
export supplies of agricultural products, support Ukrainian agricultural
producers and continue cooperation with countries that support its
territorial integrity and independence, provide nancial and humanitarian
assistance.
Conclusions
The conducted research gives grounds to assert that the modern world is
becoming extremely vulnerable to the consequences of any crisis situations,
since, regardless of their scale, they have an extraordinary impact on both
national and global food security, and overcoming their consequences is
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CUESTIONES POLÍTICAS
Vol. 41 Nº 79 (2023): 93-102
possible only through the joint eorts of the world. communities. This
applies both to the ght against large-scale pandemics and countering the
armed aggression of the Russian Federation with the help of sanctions
and comprehensive support for Ukraine in protecting its sovereignty and
territorial integrity.
To ensure national food security, the Government of Ukraine has
prepared an action plan to ensure food security under martial law and
created the National Food Security Platform. To reduce the negative impact
of the war on global food security, the joint eorts of the world community
have prepared and concluded the Initiative for the safe transportation of
grain and food from Ukrainian ports in the context of the ongoing armed
aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine.
However, the situation with the blocking of Ukrainian food exports
indicates that in the modern globalized world, an aggressor country can use
both energy carriers and the seizure of nuclear facilities, as well as food to
blackmail the world community, pushing individual countries to the limit
of starvation. Therefore, in the near future, the world community needs to
resolve the issue of preventing crises in the early stages of their inception
in order to prevent blackmail in the future, because it is indisputable that
it is cheaper to prevent any crisis than to eliminate its consequences later.
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www.luz.edu.ve
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www.produccioncienticaluz.org
Esta revista fue editada en formato digital y publicada
en octubre de 2023, por el Fondo Editorial Serbiluz,
Universidad del Zulia. Maracaibo-Venezuela
Vol.41 Nº 79
