Instituto de Estudios Políticos y Derecho Público "Dr. Humberto J. La Roche"
de la Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Políticas de la Universidad del Zulia
Maracaibo, Venezuela
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Vol.41 N° 77
Abril
Junio
2023
Cues tio nes Po lí ti cas
Vol. 41, Nº 77 (2023), 731-748
IEPDP-Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Políticas - LUZ
Recibido el 02/01/23 Aceptado el 07/04/23
Peculiarities of representative
authorities functioning in ukraine
under conditions of war
DOI: https://doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.4177.48
Valentyna Goshovska *
Oleksandr Pukhkal **
Ihor Reiterovych ***
Oleksandr Mysyshyn ****
Sergii Serhov *****
Abstract
The large-scale invasion of the Russian Federation into the
territory of Ukraine has signicantly destabilized the processes
of functioning of representative authorities in Ukraine and,
moreover, has led to destructive changes due to the annexation of
the country’s territories. The article aims to study the theoretical
and applied foundations of peculiarities of functioning of representative
institutions in Ukraine, during the war. The methodological basis of the
study consists of general and special scientic methods of cognition and
economic and legal analysis, in particular: systems analysis, synthesis,
abstraction, comparison, analogy, statistical analysis, functional analysis,
clustering, cluster analysis (based on the k-means method), correlation and
regression analysis, graphical, tabular, generalization and systematization.
The results of the theoretical studies carried out allow us to establish a
signicant impact on the destabilizing factors of the external and internal
environment, the most important of which are the military factors. In
conclusion, signicant imbalances have been revealed in the process of
ensuring the implementation of the principles of democracy in the activities
of representative institutions.
*Educational and Scientic Institute of Public Administration and Civil Service, Taras Shevchenko
National University of Kyiv, 60, Volodymyrska street, Kyiv, Ukraine. ORCID ID: https://orcid.
org/0000-0002-3011-4450
** Educational and Scientic Institute of Public Administration and Civil Service, Taras Shevchenko
National University of Kyiv, 60, Volodymyrska street, Kyiv, Ukraine. ORCID ID: https://orcid.
org/0000-0003-4673-3173
*** Educational and Scientic Institute of Public Administration and Civil Service, Taras Shevchenko
National University of Kyiv, 60, Volodymyrska street, Kyiv, Ukraine. ORCID ID: https://orcid.
org/0000-0001-7852-1373
**** Educational and Scientic Institute of Public Administration and Civil Service, Taras Shevchenko
National University of Kyiv, 60, Volodymyrska street, Kyiv, Ukraine. ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/
***** Department of Parliamentarism, Educational and Scientic Institute of Public Administration and
Civil Service, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 60, Volodymyrska street, Kyiv, Ukraine.
ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4277-3996
0001-7959-3520
732
Valentyna Goshovska, Oleksandr Pukhkal, Ihor Reiterovych, Oleksandr Mysyshyn y Sergii Serhov
Peculiarities of representative authorities functioning in ukraine under conditions of war
Keywords: public authorities; representative authorities; hybrid
democracy; public administration; war conditions.
Peculiaridades de las autoridades representativas que
funcionan en Ucrania en condiciones de guerra
Resumen
La invasión a gran escala de la Federación Rusa en el territorio de Ucrania
ha desestabilizado signicativamente los procesos de funcionamiento de las
autoridades representativas en Ucrania y, además, ha provocado cambios
destructivos debido a la anexión de los territorios del país. El artículo
tiene como objetivo estudiar los fundamentos teóricos y aplicados de las
peculiaridades del funcionamiento de las instituciones representativas
en Ucrania, durante la guerra. La base metodológica del estudio consiste
en métodos cientícos generales y especiales de cognición y análisis
económico y legal, en particular: análisis de sistemas, síntesis, abstracción,
comparación, analogía, análisis estadístico, análisis funcional, agrupación,
análisis de conglomerados (basado en el método de k-medias), análisis de
correlación y regresión, grácos, tabulares, generalización y sistematización.
Los resultados de los estudios teóricos realizados permiten establecer un
impacto signicativo en los factores desestabilizadores del entorno externo
e interno, los más importantes de los cuales son los factores militares.
A modo de conclusion, se han revelado importantes desequilibrios en el
proceso de asegurar la implementación de los principios de la democracia
en las actividades de las instituciones representativas.
Palabras clave: poderes públicos; autoridades representativas;
democracia hibrida; administración pública,
condiciones de Guerra.
Introduction
Increasing challenges of globalization, geopoliticization, and integration
into the world’s socio-political and socioeconomic space necessitate
strengthening the role of the state and its ability to eectively counter the
dangers and threats of our time. Ensuring the fundamental principles of
democracy, the rule of law and justice, protection of human and civil rights
are among the priorities of the state policy of any state. Moreover, it is a
very dicult task in the conditions of instability, global uncertainty, and
military confrontation of armed aggression of one country against another.
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The modern period of Ukraine’s functioning is characterized by
the presence of signicant and weighty destabilizing factors that cause
signicant imbalances between European standards and norms and the
existing state of their compliance. In such circumstances, the need to
ensure the eective functioning of representative authorities and their
unimpeded performance of legislative, judicial, constituent, foreign
economic, budgetary, and control functions, which is quite problematic in
the conditions of war, is becoming more urgent. The outlined trends require
detailed research of the peculiarities of the functioning of representative
institutions in Ukraine, identication of the main problematic aspects, and
search for eective methods of counteracting destabilizing factors.
1. Literature review
The historical conditionality of the development of the state and society
and the rapid growth of the population have led to complications in
interstate relations. It became impossible to involve the entire population
in solving problems of national importance. As a result, there is an urgent
need to authorize specic individuals and electoral bodies to represent
the interests of the public and implement the principle of democracy in
the state, because active public participation in the political life of society
is one of the priorities of democracy development, and the formation of
representative institutions is an integral component of its establishment.
Meanwhile, the institutions of representative authorities are of great
importance, because they perform the function of decision-making,
however, they are controlled by the public and are responsible to the people
for their actions. The system of interrelations between the public and the
institutions of representative authorities and their political responsibilities
provides for the formation of a certain political regime, namely: (1) full
democracy; (2) imperfect democracy; (3) hybrid democracy, and (4)
authoritarian regime.
The existence of various political systems indicates the ambiguity of
the principles of the functioning of representative institutions in dierent
countries of the world. As for Ukraine, as noted by Averchuk (2018), there
are signicant imbalances of constitutional authorities in the political
system, which are especially acute in the interaction between the legislative
and judicial institutions. Analyzing the works of leading national and
international scholars, the scientist found that judicial reform is necessary
for Ukraine because its judicial system does not meet international
standards and public expectations.
In this context, Béteille (2012) notes that the legislature and the judiciary
should be considered the fundamental institutions of representation in a
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Valentyna Goshovska, Oleksandr Pukhkal, Ihor Reiterovych, Oleksandr Mysyshyn y Sergii Serhov
Peculiarities of representative authorities functioning in ukraine under conditions of war
country, as the level of democratic development depends on the state of
their functioning. Equally important is the study of parliamentary activity
in the context of the functioning of representative institutions, as it is one
of the key forms of popular representation, the democratization of society,
and the sovereign development of the state.
Parliamentarism in Ukraine, as an institution of normative and legal
consolidation of democracy, combines the functions of representative and
legislative power. The Parliament is the only collegial body of legislative
authorities. It performs its activities under the rights granted to it, and not
based on certain orders.
Zelenko et al., (2014) propose to attach great importance to the
institutional sustainability of Ukrainian parliamentarism. The interaction
of its formal and informal functions is aected by destructive factors of
socio-political instability and military confrontation with the unprovoked
armed aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine. As a result,
we can state the crisis of parliamentarism in the country.
Moreover, Russia’s full-scale war against Ukraine and its annexation of
signicant Ukrainian territories have reformatted the existing state of the
political system. Moreover, these circumstances necessitated the adoption
of decisions to ban the activities of certain political parties that promoted a
pro-Russian position and posed a signicant threat to the state sovereignty
of Ukraine. This situation is signicantly aggravated by the impossibility of
conducting the electoral process. In turn, this complicates the mechanism
of decision-making on legislative initiatives in the conditions of martial law.
Given the signicant problems of the functioning of representative
institutions in Ukraine during the war, Sachko (2022) proposes to pay
the most signicant attention to the activities of the Verkhovna Rada of
Ukraine.
As established, it is the highest representative and legislative body in
the country. In-depth research allowed the scientist to identify the main
problems and shortcomings of the functioning of this representative body,
the most important of which the author proposes to include (1) the principle
of parliamentary independence is implemented concerning other branches
of power; (2) signicant dependence of political parties on external sources
of funding, which are often representatives of clan-oligarchic structures; (3)
growing risks of violation of the rule of law through lobbying of individual
interests; (4) weak institutionalization of the opposition.
Evaluating the main trends in the functioning of representative
institutions, Claassen and Magalhães (2022) found that ensuring its
eectiveness is a very dicult task, on the solution of which the development
of the state based on democracy depends. Scientists argue that socio-
political and economic turmoil, the intensication of transnational crime,
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which extends to the political system, signicantly destabilizes the activities
of representative institutions and the level of public condence in them.
The growing indicators of democracy correlate with the indicators
of the eectiveness of the functioning of representative institutions. The
hypothesis is supported by Fisher (2022), who also believes that the
functioning of representative institutions signicantly depends on the level
of development of the country and compliance with the standards and
principles of democracy.
A similar position is held by Kundnani (2020), who established the
complexity of the functioning of representative institutions in the European
Union and its dependence on the type of political system. At the same time,
Seifter (2022), while studying the activities of public institutions, revealed
negative trends in the implementation of democratic principles of their
activities in dierent countries of the world in recent years, which leads
to an increase in active threats to representative institutions from anti-
democratic forces.
In this context, Pavlenko (2022) argues that the full-scale invasion of
the Russian Federation into the territory of Ukraine is an unprecedented
challenge of our time, which led to the introduction of martial law, resulting
in signicant destabilizing changes in the political processes in Ukraine.
They manifested themselves in the suspension of elections to all levels of
government, the formation of military administrations, and the prohibition
of public rallies, demonstrations, and referendums. The scientist proves
that the war in Ukraine has reformatted the conditions of functioning of
the institutions of representative power, however, the main branches of
power continue to work in the country and exercise their powers based
on democracy. Moreover, there is a partial decline in public condence in
the national institution of parliamentarism and the role of the Parliament
against the background of the growth of such condence of citizens in the
security forces.
Obviously, under such conditions, the eectiveness of the Verkhovna
Rada of Ukraine, the quality of lawmaking, and the image of this
representative institution are signicantly reduced. At the same time, it is
worth noting in the context of the war in Ukraine the deepening crisis of
the party system, which was exacerbated by the ban on the activities of pro-
Russian parties and those that pose a threat to state sovereignty.
The presence of signicant challenges and dangers of the present plays
a signicant role in the system of ensuring the democratic development
of the state, the peculiarity of which is the eective functioning of
representative institutions. Therefore, it is reasonable to implement such
a direction of state policy as the reform of the regional governance system
and the development of local self-government. In this context, the remarks
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Valentyna Goshovska, Oleksandr Pukhkal, Ihor Reiterovych, Oleksandr Mysyshyn y Sergii Serhov
Peculiarities of representative authorities functioning in ukraine under conditions of war
of Nikitenko and Hrabar (2021), who insist on preserving the democratic
principles of the functioning of representative institutions at the regional
level, are appropriate.
It is necessary to pay attention to the fact that Ukraine is actively
implementing the reform of decentralization of power, which is due to the
urgent need to transfer the powers of central-level public authorities to
regional ones, which also form the institution of representative authorities,
the functioning of which in the conditions of the current situation is subject
to signicant destabilizing factors of the external and internal environment
(Pavlovich-Seneta and Lepish, 2022). Hedulianov (2022) considers this
concept to be an integral component of the system of development of
representative democracy in Ukraine and a direction of modernization of
the activities of representative government institutions.
However, Kuleshov (2020a) emphasizes the importance of exercising
public control over the activities of representative institutions and argues
that in Ukraine it is quite limited and ineective due to the lack of a signicant
number of methods for exercising such control. At the same time, the
scientist is convinced that the role of public control is extremely important,
as it is one of the indicators of the level of democracy development in the
country. Therefore, Ukraine should consolidate at the legislative level the
organizational and legal mechanism for exercising public control over the
activities of representative institutions (Kuleshov, 2020b).
Summarizing the studies of the theoretical aspects of the functioning
of representative institutions in Ukraine during the war, it can be stated
that the existing scientic approaches are distinguished by their originality
and versatility. Moreover, they also allow us to assert that the activities of
such institutions are carried out in conditions of instability and signicant
inuence of destabilizing factors of the external and internal environment.
The article is aimed at the theoretical and applied foundations of the
study of the peculiarities of the functioning of representative authority
institutions in Ukraine during the war.
2. Methods and materials
The methodological basis of the study consists of general scientic and
special methods of scientic knowledge and economic and legal analysis.
To determine the essence of the institutions of representative authorities in
Ukraine, the method of system analysis, synthesis and scientic abstraction
has been used. To assess the current state and trends in the functioning
of representative institutions in Ukraine during the war, methods of
comparison, analogy, and statistical analysis have been applied.
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The method of functional analysis, grouping, and cluster analysis (based
on the k-means method) have been adopted to clarify the peculiarities of
the functioning of representative authorities’ institutions in the conditions
of war and to compare them with the existing practice of foreign countries.
Correlation and regression analysis have been chosen to identify the
relationship between the main indicators of assessing the performance of
representative institutions and their impact on the quality of life in society.
The results of applied research are displayed using graphical and tabular
methods. The method of generalization and systematization has been
used to formulate scientic hypotheses and draw conclusions based on the
results of the study.
To conduct the necessary research, the following countries were selected:
Ukraine, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania, Moldova,
Belarus, and Russia, which are most aected by factors of military nature.
The information base of the study consists of the works of leading
domestic and foreign scientists, as well as reporting data of international
organizations for 2019-2022: Democracy Index; Fragile States Index
Annual Report; Quality of Life Index by Country.
3. Results
The state and main trends in the functioning of representative authorities’
institutions in Ukraine cannot be called stable, since, throughout the entire
period of the country’s existence as an independent and sovereign state, its
political system is characterized by the inuence of signicant destabilizing
factors of the external and internal environment.
It disrupts the balance of functioning and interaction of representative
authorities and institutions. The problem of the functioning of the
institutions of representative authorities became especially acute in
2022 after the deployment of active hostilities by Russia on a large part
of Ukraine and as a result of the annexation of large Ukrainian territories
by the aggressor country. In the conditions of war, it is very dicult, and
sometimes even impossible, to ensure the eectiveness of public authorities.
Similar trends can be traced in terms of empirical assessments of the
peculiarities of the functioning of representative institutions in Ukraine
during the war. However, despite signicant diculties, the international
community has made signicant eorts to identify the main indicators based
on which we can talk about the state and main trends in the functioning of
representative institutions.
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Peculiarities of representative authorities functioning in ukraine under conditions of war
Therefore, we propose to deepen the research in this section and
analyze Ukraine’s position during 2019-2022 on the main indicators and
compare their values with individual European countries that have signed
both positive and negative relations with Ukraine, namely Poland, Czech
Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania, Moldova, Belarus, and Russia.
The most important indicator that shows the level of democracy in the
country and the functioning of representative institutions is the democracy
index. The international community has proposed methodological tools for
assessing democracy indicators, which are used in European countries and
Ukraine.
According to this methodology, the calculation of the democracy index
is based on determining the parameters of the electoral process in the
country and ensuring pluralism, assessing the quality and eectiveness of
the government, ensuring civil liberties, as well as analyzing the level of
political participation and political culture in the country. Meanwhile, the
gradation scale of the democracy index ranges from 1 to 10 points, and the
value of each country characterizes the type of democracy.
In particular, full democracy is considered to be inherent in a country
when it scores between 8.01-10; imperfect democracy - in the case of 6.01-
8 points; hybrid democracy is inherent in such countries that can provide
4.01-6 points; authoritarian regime - when scoring less than 4 points.
Assessing Ukraine’s trends in changes in the democracy index in 2019-2022
and comparing its values with those of individual European countries (Fig.
1), it is possible to nd out that Ukraine has a hybrid democracy throughout
the analyzed period, as the democracy index value in 2019 was recorded at
5.9 points, in 2020 - at 5.81 points, in 2021 - 5.57 points, and 2022 - 5.81
points. This situation indicates the presence of signicant problems in the
functioning of representative institutions, a low level of implementation of
democratic principles, and growing trends in legal nihilism.
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Fig. 1. Dynamics of the democracy index in Ukraine and selected European
countries in 2019-2022. Calculated based on: Democracy Index, 2019–2022.
At the same time, studies of the democracy index in individual European
countries reveal ambiguity in ensuring democratic principles of functioning
of representative institutions. In particular, it was found that the countries
that belong to the European Union (Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland,
Hungary, and Romania) have signicantly higher democracy index scores
and can ensure higher standards and conditions for the functioning of
representative institutions.
Instead, developing countries (Moldova, Russia, and Belarus) face
signicant destabilizing factors of democratic development and are unable
to achieve minimum European standards of democracy. It is worth noting
that such countries as Belarus and Russia position an authoritarian regime,
and democratic principles of functioning of representative institutions are,
in fact, completely leveled.
Another, no less important indicator used to study the state and
trends in the functioning of representative institutions is the fragile states
index, which shows the eectiveness of public authorities, the degree of
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Valentyna Goshovska, Oleksandr Pukhkal, Ihor Reiterovych, Oleksandr Mysyshyn y Sergii Serhov
Peculiarities of representative authorities functioning in ukraine under conditions of war
vulnerability of representative institutions to the risks and threats of our
time, to conicts and risks of a possible collapse of the state.
It should be noted that in the context of Ukraine’s military confrontation
with the armed aggression of the Russian Federation, this indicator is
extremely important, as it allows us to assess the possibility of losing state
sovereignty and the role of representative institutions in its preservation.
Furthermore, the fragile states index provides grounds for assessing the
state of the security environment, the legitimacy of public authorities, the
quality of public services provided by public authorities, the rule of law, and
the level of protection of human and civil rights.
The results of the study of Ukraine and other European countries
according to the fragile states index in 2019-2022 (Fig. 2) indicate critical
values of the analyzed indicator in transitional countries, in particular:
Ukraine (FSI: 68.6-71.0), Moldova (FSI: 64.5-67.1), Belarus (FSI: 67.8-
68.2) and Russia (FSI: 72.5-74.7). As for the countries of the European
Union, there are much lower values of the fragile state index: in Poland
(FSI: 41.0-43.1), Czech Republic (FSI: 35.7-39.3), Slovakia (FSI: 38.2-
40.5), Hungary (FSI: 47.6-51.1), and in Romania (FSI: 46.7-51.0). It shows
signicant dierences in the functioning of representative institutions
in the European Union and in countries that seek to integrate into the
European space.
The growth of the Fragile States Index indicates the deepening of crises
in the state and the increase of its vulnerability to conicts, including
military ones, which is currently observed in Ukraine, Moldova, Belarus,
and Russia.
An important indicator of assessing the eectiveness of the functioning
of representative government institutions in the state is public satisfaction
with living conditions, a high level of protection of their rights and freedoms,
a decrease in social tension, and an increase in the quality of life of the
population.
According to the results of the study of the dynamics of the quality-
of-life index in Ukraine and individual European countries in 2019-2022
(Fig. 3), a higher level of eciency in the functioning of representative
institutions is recorded in the European Union countries (Czech Republic,
Slovakia, Poland, Hungary, and Romania), where the standard of living is
much higher than in transitional countries (Ukraine, Moldova, Belarus,
and Russia).
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Fig. 2. Dynamics of the Fragile States Index in Ukraine and selected European
countries in 2019-2022. Calculated based on: Fragile States Index, 2019–2022.
Nevertheless, it should be noted that during the entire analyzed period,
the quality of life index was not calculated in Moldova. In addition, the events
of 2021-2022, which were observed in Belarus and related to the deepening
of the authoritarian regime and the leveling of the principles of democratic
development of the state, and, consequently, the interference of certain law
enforcement agencies in the activities of representative institutions, led to a
signicant decrease in the quality of life of the population by 19.75% in 2021
and 17.91% in 2022 compared to 2020.
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Peculiarities of representative authorities functioning in ukraine under conditions of war
Fig. 3. Dynamics of the Quality-of-Life Index in Ukraine and selected European
countries in 2019-2022. Calculated based on: Quality of Life Index by Country,
2019–2022.
The functioning of representative institutions in the countries selected
for analysis has certain peculiarities, which make it advisable to distinguish
certain common groups. We consider it expedient to group these countries
according to the indicators of the Democracy Index and the Fragile States
Index in 2019-2022. To do so, we suggest using cluster analysis technology
(k-means method). The results are presented in Table 1.
The results of the clustering conrmed our hypothesis about the existence
of two groups among the analyzed countries, characterized by common and
various parameters: (1) the countries belonging to the European Union
(Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, and Romania), where higher
indicators of eciency of the functioning of representative institutions are
recorded, and (2) countries of the transitional type (Ukraine, Moldova,
Belarus, and Russia), which have signicant problems in implementing
the principles of democracy, ensuring the eective functioning of public
authorities. Human and civil rights and freedoms there are leveled by the
authorities, resulting in the growth of social tension in society and a decline
in the quality of life of the population.
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Table 1. Grouping of selected European countries by Democracy Index and
Fragile States Index in 2019-2022.
Democracy Index and Fragile States Index
2019 2020 2021 2022
Poland
1
Poland
1
Poland
1
Poland
1
The Czech
Republic The Czech
Republic The Czech
Republic The Czech
Republic
Slovakia Slovakia Slovakia Slovakia
Hungary Hungary Hungary Hungary
Romania Romania Romania Romania
Ukraine
2
Ukraine
2
Ukraine
2
Ukraine
2
Moldova Moldova Moldova Moldova
Belarus Belarus Belarus Belarus
Russia Russia Russia Russia
Calculated based on: Democracy Index, 2019–2022; Fragile States
Index, 2019–2022.
Meanwhile, the identication of the impact of the democracy index and
the fragile states index on the quality-of-life index in Ukraine and some
countries of the European Union was carried out using correlation and
regression analysis (software package Statistica, 7.0) (equation 1), allowed
to establish that the impact of the democracy index and the fragile states
index on the quality-of-life index is signicant.
The growth of the democracy index leads to an increase in the quality-
of-life indicators (regression coecient r=0,997). As for the Fragile States
Index, its impact is also tangible and inversely proportional, and a decrease
in its value leads to an increase in the quality of life of the population
(regression coecient r= –0,091).
Y = 65,33 + 0,997 – 0,091 (1)
R = 0,916; = 0,838; p<0,5000.
Where: Y – Quality of Life Index; – Democracy Index; – Fragile States
Index.
The results of the study conrm the existence of a strong link between
the selected indicators, as evidenced by the correlation coecient R=0,916
and the statistical signicance of the model value of the F-test F (2,2) =
5,190.
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Peculiarities of representative authorities functioning in ukraine under conditions of war
Thus, the conducted studies of the peculiarities of the functioning of
the institutions of representative authorities in Ukraine in the conditions
of war have revealed the existence of signicant problems that need to be
addressed immediately.
4. Discussion
The results of the study of the peculiarities of the functioning of
representative institutions in Ukraine allow us to state that there are
signicant problems in the activities of various branches of state power at
the national and regional levels. In particular, in the process of analysis,
it was found that the most signicant impact on the functioning of the
representative authorities institutions is the military factors and armed
aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine, which threatens the
territorial integrity of the country and the preservation of its sovereignty.
At the same time, the negative trends in the functioning of the institution
of parliamentarism were revealed, which testify to the deepening of the
crisis in the country’s legislative activity, the growing inuence of oligarchic
and clan structures on this institution, and the violation of the norms and
principles of democratic development of the state.
In the process of conducting research in this direction, the expediency of
reforming the system of regional governance and the formation of a powerful
institution of representative authorities on the ground is substantiated.
Empirical calculations allowed us to compare the indicators of eciency
of the functioning of representative institutions with similar indicators
of individual countries of the European Union. As a result, it was found
that the countries that belong to the European Union (Poland, Czech
Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania) are characterized by a higher
level of development of representative institutions than the countries
of transitional type (Ukraine, Moldova, Belarus, and Russia), and the
principles of democracy are implemented more responsibly.
Moreover, throughout the analyzed period, Ukraine has been
experiencing a hybrid democracy, which necessitates the need to take
appropriate measures to achieve European standards to strengthen its
provision.
To increase the eectiveness of the functioning of the institutions of
representative authorities in Ukraine in the conditions of war, it is suggested
1. to strengthen public control over the activities of the institutions of
representative authorities;
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2. to form a set of measures to eectively ensure the implementation
of the principles of democratic development of representative
institutions;
3. to enhance the transparency of the electoral process and increase the
level of political participation and political culture in the country.
4. The proposed measures will allow for the desired eect and increase
the eciency of the functioning of the institutions of representative
authorities in Ukraine during the war.
Conclusions
Thus, the conducted research of theoretical and applied principles and
peculiarities of the functioning of representative authorities institutions in
Ukraine in the conditions of war gives grounds to assert that the activity
of representative authorities institutions at the present stage is subject
to signicant destabilizing inuence of threats, risks, and challenges of
the external and internal environment, the most dangerous of which are
military factors.
The results of the conducted research prove that in Ukraine there is a
signicant problem in ensuring the implementation of the principles of
democracy in the activities of representative institutions, and the public
administration system needs to be revised and improved.
It is revealed that during 2019-2022 in Ukraine the development of
democracy of a hybrid regime is recorded, and the insucient level of
eciency of the functioning of representative institutions signicantly
reduces the quality of life of the population.
The results of correlation and regression analysis show that an increase
in the democracy index leads to an increase in the quality of life of the
population (regression coecient r=0,997), and the decrease in the fragile
states index leads to an increase in the quality of life of the population
(regression coecient r= –0,091).
To increase the eectiveness of the functioning of representative
institutions in Ukraine in the conditions of war, the necessity of forming
measures to strengthen public control over the activities of representative
institutions, ensuring the implementation of the principles of democratic
development of representative institutions, enhancing the transparency
of the electoral process, increasing the level of political participation and
political culture is substantiated.
746
Valentyna Goshovska, Oleksandr Pukhkal, Ihor Reiterovych, Oleksandr Mysyshyn y Sergii Serhov
Peculiarities of representative authorities functioning in ukraine under conditions of war
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Esta revista fue editada en formato digital y publicada
en abril de 2023, por el Fondo Editorial Serbiluz,
Universidad del Zulia. Maracaibo-Venezuela
Vol.41 Nº 77
