Instituto de Estudios PolĂticos y Derecho PĂșblico "Dr. Humberto J. La Roche"
de la Facultad de Ciencias JurĂdicas y PolĂticas de la Universidad del Zulia
Maracaibo, Venezuela
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Vol.40 N° 73
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NÂș 73
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IEPDP-Facultad de Ciencias
JurĂdicas
y PolĂticas -
LUZ
Formation of priority tasks and
strategies for education highly qualified
political scientists: European experience,
and Ukrainian practice
DOI: https://doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.4073.13
Anton Bader *
Svitlana Vovk **
Liudmyla Novoskoltseva ***
Maryna Rusanova ****
Volodymyr Saienko *****
Abstract
The aim of our study is to examine the experience of European
countries in strategies for the development of the training of
highly qualified specialists in political science. The task of the
article is to identify the advantages of European university and
non-university systems of political science education, in order
to develop proposals to improve the level of political science teaching in
Ukraine. The work uses theoretical research methods, among which the
axiomatic, historical and structural-comparative methods stand out. It
was found that the teaching of political science in European universities
focuses on the acquisition of practical skills, but despite all the difficulties
in the training of political scientists in Ukraine, the curricula of Ukrainian
universities correspond in many respects with European standards. The
conclusions indicate that the practical part of political science teaching
does not play a minor role than the theoretical one. In Ukraine, education is
not provided in institutes, while university curricula are mostly theoretical.
Keywords: political science in Ukraine; university education; studio
plans; European experience; highly qualified professionals.
* Doctor of Political Sciences Associate Professor director educational and scientific institute of
history, international relations and socio-political sciences SI «Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National
University», 1 Gogol Square, the City of Starobilsk, Luhansk Region, 92703, Ukraine. ORCID ID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3670-5753
** Doctor of Political Sciences Associate Professor Head of Department of Political Science and Law
Department of Political Science and Law SI «Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University» 1 Gogol
Square, the City of Starobilsk, Luhansk Region, 92703. ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-
6171-4782
*** Candidate of Political Sciences Associate Professor of the Department of Political Science and Law
Education al and Research Institute of History, Internation Al Relations and Socio-Political Sciences,
SI «Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University» Luhansk region, Starobilsk city, Gogol Square, 1.
ORCID ID: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1082-7979
**** PhD, assistant professor Department of Political Science and Law SI «Luhansk Taras Shevchenko
National University» 1 Gogol Square, the City of Starobilsk, Luhansk Region, 92703, Ukraine. ORCID
ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6818-4107
***** Professor DSc. (in organization and management) Academy of Management and Administration in
Opole (Poland) 45-085 Opole (Poland) ul. MieczysĆawa NiedziaĆkowskiego 18. ORCID
ID: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2736-0017
Recibido el 23/09/2021 Aceptado el 22/11/2021
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261
Tareas y estrategias prioritarias para la formaciĂłn
de politĂłlogos altamente cualificados: La experiencia
europea y la prĂĄctica ucraniana
Resumen
El objetivo de nuestro estudio es examinar la experiencia de los paĂses
europeos en las estrategias para el desarrollo de la formaciĂłn de especialistas
altamente cualificados en ciencias polĂticas. La tarea del artĂculo es
identificar las ventajas de los sistemas universitarios y no universitarios
europeos de enseñanza de la ciencia polĂtica, para desarrollar propuestas
para mejorar el nivel de la enseñanza de la ciencia polĂtica en Ucrania.
En el trabajo se utilizan métodos de investigación teóricos, entre los que
destacan el método axiomåtico, el histórico y el estructural-comparativo.
Se comprobĂł que la enseñanza de la ciencia polĂtica en las universidades
europeas se centra en la adquisiciĂłn de habilidades prĂĄcticas, pero a pesar
de todas las dificultades en la formaciĂłn de los politĂłlogos en Ucrania,
los planes de estudio de las universidades ucranianas se corresponden en
muchos aspectos con los estĂĄndares europeos. Las conclusiones indican
que la parte prĂĄctica de la enseñanza de la ciencia polĂtica no desempeña
un papel menor que la teórica. En Ucrania, la enseñanza no se imparte
en los institutos, mientras que los planes de estudio universitarios son
mayoritariamente teĂłricos.
Palabras clave: ciencia polĂtica en Ucrania; educaciĂłn universitaria;
planes de studio; experiencia europea; profesionales de
alta calificaciĂłn.
Introduction
A study of contemporary political science education and training
programs is a pressing academic challenge. Employment of political
scientists is projected to grow by 9% over 2020-2030, which is about as fast
as the average for all professions. A total of 700 new political science jobs
are projected to emerge each year over the decade in democracies. Many
vacancies are expected to arise as older generations of political scientists
change careers or retire. For this reason, there is a need to analyze the
European experience of training specialists of the appropriate level in order
to identify strengths and weaknesses in the training of Ukrainian political
scientists, to adapt applicants to the next professional activity by improving
curricula and programs.
The aim of our research is to analyze the experience of European
countries on strategies of development of training of highly qualified
Anton Bader, Svitlana Vovk, Liudmyla Novoskoltseva, Maryna Rusanova y Volodymyr Saienko
Formation of priority tasks and strategies for education highly qualified political scientists:
European experience, and Ukrainian practice
262
specialists in political science. The task of the article is to identify the
advantages of European university and non-university systems of political
science education, to work out proposals to improve the level of political
science education in Ukraine.
1.
Materials and Methods
The theoretical part of the article is built on the systematic study of
modern professional literature on the indicated issue and generalization of
some previous experience of researchers. For example, Vilkov and Rudenko
(2017), who researched the peculiarities of creating the system of political
science education in Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, -
thoroughly defined the global and national ideological and ideological factors
that influenced the activities of university teachers, as well as highlighted
the features of organizational support and content. training of political
scientists. Medvedev (2014) summarized the current problems of teaching
political science in the post-Soviet space Babichev (2014) investigated the
specifics of political science courses under the Bologna process.
Additional sources of work were our preliminary reconnaissance on
this issue, statistical and informative data, including those obtained from
educational and methodological materials of educational institutions in
Ukraine and Western Europe. For comparison and description of a more
complete worldview picture, some data on the corresponding educational
programs in the USA are also given.
The paper applies theoretical methods of research, among which the
following are highlighted: axiomatic, based on certain initial provisions -
axioms, from which the following knowledge and statements are logically
derived; historical - involving the description of the real process of
transformation of the research object: this method reflects the formation
of political science education in Ukraine since it gained independence. The
structural-comparative method used in the consideration of the internal
structure of the system of training of specialists-political scientists in
specific institutions of Western Europe was also applied. Equally important
was the method of comparison, with the help of which we were able to
compare the practice of European universities with Ukrainian regarding
the formation of strategies of training political scientists.
The experience of European countries on preparation of highly qualified
specialists in political science was investigated on the basis of the system
analysis, according to which the university political science directions were
considered through a prism of cumulative steady interrelations, which
simultaneously dynamically develop. So general scientific methods of
research as: analysis, synthesis, induction, and deduction were used along
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263
with weighty for our research - logical method and method of abstraction,
which implied ascending from the abstract to the concrete, when we
analyzed general theoretical approaches and provisions and proposed
specific ways of their implementation in further.
Special attention in the work is paid to empirical methods of collection,
analysis, and interpretation of information. In particular, the work is
formed on the basis of analysis of different kinds of documents, first of all,
curricula, and syllabuses of political science disciplines of Ukrainian and
European universities. As a result, an objective position on the experience
of European countries on the formation of priority tasks and strategies of
development of training of highly qualified specialists-political scientists is
achieved.
2.
Results
The training of political scientists is an integral part of university
training in many countries of the world. Now political science majors
are in high demand, so the problem of the formation and foundations of
political science requires constant renewal, which would be based on the
best examples of the world.
2.1. French experience and practice
Among European countries, France and its research institutions are a
recognized leader in the study of political science. It should be noted that
a characteristic feature of French educational institutions is the immediate
absence of departments of political science. The political sciences are often
studied together with law, and the corresponding academic structures
are called Faculties of Law and Political Science. At the same time, eight
institutes of political science (Instituts des Etudes Politiques) continue to
operate in France after 1945 and to this day - these include the Institute
of Political Science Panthéon-Sorbonne at the University of Paris, the
Institute of Political Science of Grenoble, the Institute of Political Science
of Toulouse at Toulouse, and several others (Sage et al., 2021).
These institutions put forward different curricula based on a wide range
of academic disciplines. Such a system is implemented through attempts
to provide graduates with broad political-management knowledge and to
instill in them the ability to pursue different fields of study without being
specifically trained as specialists in a particular field. There is also a lot of
emphasis on methodological issues, which makes teaching somewhat rigid
and requires discipline. Institutes of political science are open educational
institutions, especially, perhaps, learning foreign languages and conducting
foreign internships to gain the necessary practical experience for a future
professional career (ĐĐ”dvedev, 2014).
Anton Bader, Svitlana Vovk, Liudmyla Novoskoltseva, Maryna Rusanova y Volodymyr Saienko
Formation of priority tasks and strategies for education highly qualified political scientists:
European experience, and Ukrainian practice
264
The educational process here takes place according to the Bologna
system; the period of study for the political science profile is 5 years, which
is quite equivalent to the generally accepted European framework for the
training of a master (master) in political science. Much attention is paid to
the professional orientation of future specialists, in particular, even within
specific disciplines (e.g., political science). Applicants are usually able to
determine their future career immediately by enrolling in one or another
type of institution of higher education. Applicants who are academically
oriented and tend to be research-oriented tend to enroll at universities.
Other applicants oriented towards practical work often choose higher
schools and Institutes for education (Vilkov and Rudenko, 2017).
The peculiarity of training of high-class specialists in political science
is the active involvement of applicants in practical work. According to the
adopted methodology, for at least 9 months an applicant should undergo
an internship outside the Institute: in administrative structures, private
companies, enterprises, in a political or public foundation or organization
(association), including - international.
International internships are also practiced. In some cases, if previously
agreed with the administration of the Institute of Political Science, it is
possible to have an internship in several different structures, but its total
duration should not be less than 9 months. For example, the International
Relations and Internship Department of the Political Science Institute
in Aix-en-Provence offers quite a few options for work placements for its
students, also citing a considerable list of foreign partner institutions which
may accept students from Provence for internships.
There is also a compulsory introductory computer science class. It
determines studentsâ computer science background and recommends
additional classes for students who need them. Attendance is mandatory,
and appropriate academic grades are given at the end of this course. Foreign
language classes are also important for political science students. Typically,
as a first foreign language, a choice is offered to take, German, English,
Spanish, or Italian. A second foreign language is given, as for the French, a
more âexoticâ one: Arabic, Chinese or Japanese.
The training of political scientists in French universities usually takes
place in French only. The only exceptions are the Institute in Toulouse,
where both French and English are taught in parallel, and the International
Chiller University in Paris, where both French and English masterâs degrees
can be taken simultaneously (Sage et al., 2021).
An additional advantage of French institutions where political science
is studied is the wide range of opportunities for subsequent employment.
In particular, graduates can become researchers in political science, pursue
doctoral studies, work as experts in the private or public (public) field, enter
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265
professional politics, work as a parliamentary attaché, a commissioned
officer, or in charge of a political project. As a rule, the best political science
graduates are invited to work in the research centers of the institutes
themselves.
An additional guarantee of successful employment is extensive contact
with stakeholders (employers). For example, the Paris School of Political
Science maintains links with about 1,000 potential employers. These
include various enterprises, companies, organizations, foundations (both
public, private, and non-governmental). Each year they contribute a certain
amount to the institutionâs budget, investing in the training of their future
employees. They also gain access to scientific and scholarly journals and
have some influence on the formation of curricula and research projects.
By controlling their implementation, the beneficiaries must achieve in the
educational process the correspondence between the academic training of
undergraduate and graduate students and the needs in the professional
qualities of future specialists. Often the best students are invited to intern
at these partner organizations and companies.
2.2. German experience and practice
Political science courses at German universities do not differ significantly
from those at North American and Western European universities in terms
of their curricula. In addition to classical political theory, the study of
political practice at the local (state) level where an institution is located
occupies a significant place. Training takes place according to the Bologna
system - usually the Bachelorâs training is 3-4 years and the Masterâs is 5-6
years (Babichev, 2014).
After completing the full course of study in the Masterâs program in
Political Science, applicants to German universities are required to obtain
a second specialization. As a rule, students choose related academic
disciplines, in particular economics, sociology, jurisprudence, etc. Some
institutions may offer other options, and the practice exists of obtaining
several auxiliary qualifications. Note that a similar system greatly increases
the labor market opportunities for graduates. Its organizational elements
are worth a closer look from the point of view of reforming the Ukrainian
educational system.
Unlike the French experience, the German educational institutions
do not cooperate so closely with non-state structures. For this reason,
excellent. a feature of employment of graduates of a political science profile
in Germany is the identification of their own initiative in search of work.
Internships also take place independently: Applicants choose where they
wish to work: political organizations and associations, public organizations
and foundations, publishing houses, newspaper, and magazine editorial
Anton Bader, Svitlana Vovk, Liudmyla Novoskoltseva, Maryna Rusanova y Volodymyr Saienko
Formation of priority tasks and strategies for education highly qualified political scientists:
European experience, and Ukrainian practice
266
offices, etc. Undoubtedly, the number of the most desirable places in terms
of future career is limited, so potential employers have the right to choose
interns on a competitive basis. Preference is given to the most talented and
capable students and graduates.
2.3. UK experience and practice
In Great Britain, political science education exists in more than 50
universities, however - in all the so-called âclassicalâ universities (which are
at least 100 years old). The first educational degree in political science is the
bachelorâs degree - it can be obtained in 3 years of study (in the universities
of Scotland - in 4 years). Actually, students who have completed such a
program, study political science as part of other humanities and social
sciences, get an opportunity to get political science specializations at the
second level of higher education - masterâs level. UK political science
education is also characterized by two different types of curricula - advanced
theoretical and research courses.
As a result of studying advanced theoretical courses the applicant will
receive a masterâs degree and, as practice shows, significantly greater
opportunities for subsequent employment (especially if compared with
those who have received a bachelorâs degree). In selecting research
courses, the main emphasis is on writing a masterâs thesis, which in some
universities (e.g., Oxford) reaches the size of a dissertation research - up
to 25-30 thousand words (Sage et al., 2021). There is also an emphasis on
practical work and internships.
Note that the British experience is a peculiar combination of the German
and French systems of teaching political science. British universities also
actively engage potential employers, but the latter have little influence in
shaping courses and disciplines. Perhaps this system should be considered
optimal. Although stakeholders have the right to influence the training of
their future specialists, they should not determine the main directions of
training or interfere in the development of authoring curricula and methods.
2.4. USA experience and practice
The British university system is close to the American system, so
the training of specialists in political science there is at a high level. Let
us briefly analyze the U.S. experience in the formation of priorities and
strategies for training political scientists. Nearly 400 U.S. institutions of
higher education in various fields train political scientists. According to the
American educational classification, the âPolitical Scienceâ curricula are
combined in one section with the closely related âInternational Relationsâ
thematic program. At the same time, there is also a general direction:
âpolitical science and international relationsâ. It is common for departments,
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267
faculties, and graduate schools in American educational institutions to be
called by the same name (Sage et al., 2021).
Thus, the association of political science studios with international studios
is a reasonable alternative for the introduction of joint specializations (not
just separate disciplines) in Ukrainian higher education institutions. This
will allow a broader understanding of the importance of political science in
the context of international transformations.
2.5. Ukraine experience and practice
On the basis of the European and partly American experience the
situation of political science education in Ukraine should be analyzed. It
should be noted that political science education in Ukraine is somewhat
different. Within the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, the
teaching of political science is also concentrated at the Faculty of Philosophy
and consists of the Department of Political Science and the Department
of Political Science. Both are staffed by highly qualified professionals who
ensure a high level of teaching.
Training is carried out according to the Bologna system, for 4 years
students receive a Bachelorâs degree, another year continues in the Masterâs
program, after which the best applicants can continue in the PhD program
and get a scientific degree of âdoctor of philosophyâ in the specialty â052 -
political scienceâ (in Ukrainian) classification.)
The study provides a wide choice of disciplines, the full list of which can
be found in advance on the websites of the relevant university departments.
Some of them are free choice subjects, which allows applicants to compose
an individual trajectory of study at least partially. At the same time, we
can point out weaknesses in the training of political scientists. Even in
the program documents (Development Programs 2020-2026) only the
beginning of the transition from knowledge to competence-based approach,
which provides other goals of the educational process is noted. It is, in
particular, about reducing theory in favor of practice.
Programs for the development of departments stipulate the use of foreign
experience of European educational institutions, which provides for the
need for scientific and pedagogical internships for teachers of departments,
but nothing is specified about the possibility of organizing internships for
students (Prohrama rozvytku, 2021).
Internships (political science, research, and teaching assistantships)
usually take place within the framework of Kyiv National University,
although it would also be useful to intensify work with external structures
(state and non-state), as in universities in Germany and Great Britain. This
actualizes another problematic place in the training of Ukrainian political
Anton Bader, Svitlana Vovk, Liudmyla Novoskoltseva, Maryna Rusanova y Volodymyr Saienko
Formation of priority tasks and strategies for education highly qualified political scientists:
European experience, and Ukrainian practice
268
scientists - work with potential employers. Neither training programs,
nor departmental development strategies indicate how cooperation with
stakeholders takes place and whether they influence teaching and the
formation of the educational process.
Obviously, the best graduates can continue their academic careers (to
enter graduate school), but not all even the best students are attracted to
academic activities. The system of preparation of specialists in political
science is in some respects similar to the German one, with the difference
that in Germany applicants are more focused on practical work (which
consequently gives advantages in job search).
At the Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, political science belongs
to the structure of the Faculty of Philosophy. Future specialists-political
scientists can study on the basis of several educational programs. In
particular, the educational and professional program âpolitical analysis and
consultingâ (Osvitno-profesiina prohrama âpolitychnyi analiz i konsaltynhâ,
2021) was formed in 2019.
The outlined program is aimed at obtaining the professional skills
required to perform the functions and typical tasks of activities in the
field of political theory, political practice, and analysis (Osvitno-profesiina
prohrama âPolitolohiaâ, 2019). This program provides cumulative
knowledge and professional skills for independent practice in areas of
professional work related to politics, government, and local government.
Also, during the training provides practical skills of foreign languages
in the specialty and the creation of conditions for academic mobility and
training in the specialty âPolitical Scienceâ in the leading HEAs of Ukraine
and abroad (Osvitno-profesiina prohrama âPolitolohiaâ, 2019). Training
on the program is problem-oriented, involves self-study and gaining
knowledge on the basis of their own research.
The purpose of another educational program âPolitical Communication
and PRâ is to provide theoretical knowledge and practical skills sufficient
to solve complex specialized tasks and various problems in the field
of professional activity (Osvitno-profesiina prohrama âPolitychna
komunikatsiia i PRâ, 2020). The peculiarity of the specialization program
is the formation of future specialistsâ certain visions of the basic concepts
of political communication, stages of its development and specifics of
modern forms, knowledge and understanding of the principles of analysis
of political communication, its types, and forms, no less important is the
understanding of the essence of PR and its role in the political sphere
(Osvitno-profesiina prohramaâPolitolohiaâ, 2019).
A special curriculum in political science is also provided for Masterâs
degree candidates, the objectives of which are primarily aimed at preparing
highly qualified workers in political science (political history and theory,
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269
political institutions and processes, political management, and marketing).
The latter are expected to master the methods and tools of analysis,
forecasting, and advising in various fields. A special feature of this program
is the thorough study of disciplines aimed at obtaining a variety of skills in
the fields of political analysis, marketing consulting and management. For
this reason, the program is practical and research-oriented.
At the Department of Political Science of the Lviv National University
there is the Center for Political Studies. One of its tasks is to attract
international experience of political analysis for the elaboration of political
processes in Ukraine. The Center also establishes permanent cooperation
between political, state, and scientific institutes of the country. It is engaged
in systematic research of public opinion on a number of political problems;
carrying out various political science research, popularization of political
education with a characteristic emphasis on the environment.
At the same time, ensuring a high theoretical level of knowledge
goes against the organization of practical activities. Just as at the Taras
Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, studentsâ practical activities are
reduced to a minimum (in fact, to internships and seminars, which are also
theoretical in nature). Although there is academic mobility, the percentage
of students who have taken advantage of European academic experience is
small.
This is due, in particular, to the fact that the harmonization of legislative
support for academic mobility has not been fully implemented. Therefore,
it is difficult to provide students with internships abroad. It seems just as
difficult to work with stakeholders who do not take an active part in the
training of future political scientists.
Political science at the Uzhhorod National University belongs to the
Faculty of History. In addition to the teaching process for the specialty of
political science, the Department of Political Science of the UNU provides
teaching of the course âPolitical Scienceâ for all faculties. Directly political
scientistsâ study international relations, problems of world politics, basics
of conflictology, history of political doctrines, theory of political conflict
etc. Specially designed courses are offered for this purpose: âTheory of
International Relationsâ, âContemporary Foreign Political Scienceâ,
âInternational Terrorismâ, âMethodology of Political Studiesâ, âPolitical
Leadershipâ, etc. In addition, given the specificity and basic needs of the
Transcarpathian region, bordering Hungary, Romania and Slovakia, the
curricula of the UNU compiled by the Department of Political Science are
markedly supplemented by materials on the state and prospects of political
science in certain countries.
Anton Bader, Svitlana Vovk, Liudmyla Novoskoltseva y Maryna Rusanova
Formation of priority tasks and strategies for education highly qualified political scientists:
European experience, and Ukrainian practice
270
2.6. Some questions about tuition at different universities
It should be noted that despite all the difficulties in training specialists in
political science in Ukraine, tuition fees at Ukrainian universities in many
respects correspond to European standards. In the U.S., the cost of training
in political science masterâs programs ranges from several hundreds to
several tens of thousands of dollars, depending on the type of educational
institution (public or private) and its prestige. At the same time, tuition fees
for political science majors in France are lower.
For example, at the faculties of law and political science of French
universities, as well as at the Institutes of Political Science, tuition fees
range from 200 to 700 euros per year. The cost of training for specialized
diplomas, as well as training for doctoral studies can be from 3000 euros
per year. The most expensive is the Masterâs degree in Political Science
at the Schiller International University, which is considered the most
prestigious in the region. Higher education in political science in Germany
is free because it takes place almost exclusively at state universities.
Table 1. Annual Tuition Fees for Masterâs Programs in Political
Science (in Euros)
NAME OF EDUCATION INSTITUTION
COST OF THE
MASTERâS
DEGREE, âŹ
Institut dâEtudes Politiques de Grenoble (France)
of 200
Institut dâEtudes Politiques de Toulouse (France)
of 500
Aix-en-Provence Institute for Political Science (France)
500
Université International de Chiller (France)
18300
Institut dâEtudes Politiques de Paris (France)
of 500 to 4 000
University of Essex (England)
of5 000
Queenâs University of Belfast (United Kingdom)
of 5 000
Marshall University (United States)
2400
University of Rhode Island (US)
3700
University of Pittsburgh (USA)
8800
Lviv National University (Ukraine)
1100
Kyiv National University (Ukraine)
1600
Uzhhorod National University
600-800
Source: suggested by the authors.
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So, as we can see, the tuition fees for political science in European
educational institutions and Ukraine are comparable. At the same time, in
our opinion, the content of education significantly differs.
3.
Discussion
So, our study significantly differs from the previous ones, first of all,
because it is directed to the comparative analysis of European and Ukrainian
systems of training of political scientists. This is due to the novelty of our
study, because among Ukrainian researchers of political science no one has
ever turned to such a problematic. However, if we take the environment
of European political scientists, such studios are popular, because they
allow us to critically compare the current state of political science and new
methods in training.
The results we obtained demonstrate that in Ukraine the emphasis
in the education of political scientists is on the theoretical aspect, while
in European countries (France, Germany, and Great Britain) along with
academic disciplines students develop their practical skills much better.
For example, we managed to establish that in some French universities
and institutes the practice lasts nine months. In Ukrainian conditions it is
impossible to realize such a practical course now because academic mobility
does not compensate it, because this system is underdeveloped even at the
level of founding documentation.
Of course, the vulnerability of our intelligence is that the analysis of
training of both European and Ukrainian educational institutions is made
in general terms. For this reason, it is impossible to take into account the
specifics of teaching and learning in each academic or educational center.
However, in our opinion, in order to start implementing the European
experience in Ukraine first of all it is necessary to address the general
tendencies. Later we suggest introducing more specific elements of the
European experience, its harmonization with the Ukrainian legislation,
educational and scientific sphere on the basis of a concrete educational
institution.
Conclusions
An important motivation for the professional training of political
scientists in Western countries is the system of scholarships (or study
grants). Yes, in Germany even private companies or public organizations
(foundations) can provide scholarships to students. Academic practice
plays an important role in the professional training of political scientists.
Anton Bader, Svitlana Vovk, Liudmyla Novoskoltseva y Maryna Rusanova
Formation of priority tasks and strategies for education highly qualified political scientists:
European experience, and Ukrainian practice
272
Every month students are offered the opportunity to participate in various
seminars, round tables, and conferences that can take place in different
European countries.
Internships play a notable role in preparing for independent professional
activity in higher education in Great Britain, as well as in other Western
European countries. For example, the University of Birmingham (England)
constantly organizes internship trips for political science students to
European Commission structures in Brussels, European Parliament and
NATO Headquarters, etc. The same activities take place directly in English
political science institutes.
It is established that this practical part of political science education plays
no less role than the theoretical part. Teaching in Ukrainian universities in
this respect has many differences from the higher schools of the West. In
Ukraine, teaching is not carried out in Institutes, and university curricula
are mostly theoretical. Only now, plans for the development of political
science departments suggest increasing the practical component in the
teaching process.
We are talking, in particular, about an increase in internships and
intensification of cooperation with employers. However, these trends
have not yet been realized. In our opinion, more detailed stages of
implementation of European practices have not yet received proper
research in the professional literature, so they should be promising areas
for further scientific research.
In subsequent studies we plan to propose a program of training
specialists, based on specific elements of curricula and experience of
leading European universities, which should first be harmonized with the
Ukrainian legislation, which can already be involved in the educational and
scientific sphere on the basis of a particular educational institution, which
will form the basis of our next study.
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