Instituto de Estudios Políticos y Derecho Público "Dr. Humberto J. La Roche"
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Vol. 39, Nº 71 (2021), 871-883
IEPDP-Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Políticas - LUZ
Recibido el 15/08/2021 Aceptado el 22/10/2021
Restorative and productive methods
of environmental management in the
implementation of environmental policy
DOI : https://doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.3971.53
Viktoriia Nekhai *
Svetlana Nesterenko **
Oksana Marchenko ***
Svetlana Suprunenko ****
Tеtіana Khrystova *****
Abstract
The objective of this work is to dene and base the principles
of environmental management through the introduction
of regenerative (restorative) and productive methods of
environmental policy. The problems were solved with the help of
such general and special research methods, such as generalization,
systematization, analysis, synthesis, and the empirical method. It is argued
that the operation of industrial enterprises without a balanced set of
appropriate environmental measures always has negative consequences.
The formation of environmental awareness of entrepreneurs, assigning
to environmental management the status of a mandatory component of
the policy to achieve regional environmental objectives, requires greater
attention and eective methodological developments. The strategic
directions of ecological development of one of the regions of Ukraine are
indicated. The essence of the concept of “environmental management” is
dened. The denition of “regenerative method of ecological management”
and “productive method of ecological management” is oered. In
conclusion, scientic ideas on the feasibility of implementing environmental
management in companies are presented. The need for ecological measures
for the implementation of ecological policy is based.
Keywords: ecological policy; environmental management; production
method; industrial enterprises; regenerative method.
* Dmytro Motorny Tavriya State Agrotechnological University. ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-
0003-1184-6776
** Dmytro Motorny Tavriya State Agrotechnological University. ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-
0002-8912-838X
*** Bohdan Khmelnitsky Melitopol State Pedagogical University, Ukraine. ORCID ID: https://orcid.
org/0000-0002-4727-3183
**** University of State Fiscal Service of Ukraine, Ukraine. ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4585-
3440
***** Bogdan Khmelnitsky Melitopol State Pedagogical University. ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-
0003-1621-695X
872
Viktoriia Nekhai, Svetlana Nesterenko, Oksana Marchenko, Svetlana Suprunenko y Tеtіana Khrystova
Restorative and productive methods of environmental management in the implementation of
environmental policy
Métodos regenerativos y productivos de gestión
ambiental en la implementación de la política ambiental
Resumen
El objetivo de este trabajo es denir y fundamentar los principios de
la gestión ambiental a través de la introducción de métodos regenerativos
(restaurativos) y productivos de política ambiental. Los problemas se
resolvieron con la ayuda de métodos de investigación tanto, generales
y especiales, como la generalización, la sistematización, el análisis, la
síntesis y el método empírico. Se argumenta que el funcionamiento de las
empresas industriales sin un conjunto equilibrado de medidas ambientales
adecuadas siempre tiene consecuencias negativas. La formación de
la conciencia ambiental de los empresarios, asignando a la gestión
ambiental el estado de un componente obligatorio de la política para
lograr los objetivos ambientales regionales, requiere una mayor atención y
desarrollos metodológicos efectivos. Se indican las direcciones estratégicas
del desarrollo ecológico de una de las regiones de Ucrania. Se dene la
esencia del concepto de «gestión ambiental». Se ofrece la denición de
«método regenerativo de gestión ecológica» y «método productivo de
gestión ecológica». Como conclusión se presentan ideas cientícas sobre
la viabilidad de implementar la gestión ambiental en las empresas. Se
fundamenta la necesidad de medidas ecológicas para la realización de la
política ecológica.
Palabras clave: política ecológica; gestión ambiental; método productivo;
empresas industriales; método regenerativo.
Introduction
Environmental issue for the economy of Ukraine is becoming especially
relevant since processes of environmental degradation take place in almost
all regions of our country, and changed environment has a negative impact
on our society. For Ukraine, as a country that is looking for ways to achieve
sustainable economic development, the priority is to form a sustainable
environmental policy to be enshrined in the overall state development
strategy. It is well known that industrial enterprises functioning, which are
the basis for any country’s economy, always causes negative consequences
without mature complex of adequate environmental measures.
They have dierent power but demand mature complex of overcoming
measures. These measures should not only be developed and coordinated
by state and regional authorities, but also directly implemented at the
enterprise level. General management system of enterprise, without
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CUESTIONES POLÍTICAS
Vol. 39 Nº 71 (2021): 871-883
alternative, should include department managing environmental safety
of economic activity. The activities of industrial enterprises in our country
allow us to conrm that these issues are not addressed comprehensively and
require special attention and eective development of scientists to improve
the methodology of environmental management for the implementation of
environmental policy. Such developments should form the basis forming
foundations for Ukraine’s worthy accession to European community.
M. Zos-Kior, O. Shkurupiy, I. Gnatenko, O. Fedirets, I. Shulzhenko,
V. Rubezhanskaya, O. Chygryn, V. Krasniak, L. Lipych, T. Hlubitska,
R. Oleksenko, devoted their scientic papers to issues on developing
conceptual means, introducing and developing environmental management,
environmental bases of economy and management. Issues on ecosystem
management are reected in publications of Gregory McGee, M. Jafari.
However, issues on developing environmental management concept,
forming entrepreneurs’ environmental awareness, assigning environmental
management the status of obligatory component of programs to achieve
regional environmental goals require heightened attention and further
theoretical and methodological developments.
1.Objectives
The purpose of this work is to dene and substantiate the principles
of environmental management through the introduction of regenerative
(restorative) and productive methods of environmental policy.
2. Materials and metnods
Neoclassical economic theory denes environmental management as
integral scientic area. It combines scientic problems of management,
environmental management, economy, medicine, law. This synthesis
requires creation of unied methodological means for eective interaction
of environmental management elements as a holistic system.
To solve the scientic and practical problem, we will consider and
substantiate the methods of organizing environmental management
for the implementation of environmental policy. According to “type of
organization” criterion, we oer to divide them into direct and indirect in
relation to solving environmental problems. Each of these approaches has
certain positive features, so both might be implemented in practice and be
united for implementation in one and the same region.
Direct approach to environmentalization is realized by activity of
organizations that directly perform environmentalization functions of
874
Viktoriia Nekhai, Svetlana Nesterenko, Oksana Marchenko, Svetlana Suprunenko y Tеtіana Khrystova
Restorative and productive methods of environmental management in the implementation of
environmental policy
conditions for society and human existence. Among such organizations,
for example, forestry occupies an important place. To clarify the meaning,
specify the mission and distinguish from existing ones, we oer to use
“productive method of environmental management” concept to dene
the direct type of organization and implementation of environmental
management.
Indirect approach to regional environmentalization lies in introduction
and implementation of environmental management at enterprises, which
themselves create environmental problems in the region where they are
located. To specify this approach more exactly, we oer to use “regenerative
method of environmental management” concept. Environmental
management carries out its main mission the most completely by
implementing regeneration method.
3. Results and discussion
Choosing structure and approaches to implement environmental
management by this method is to address issue about responsibilities
that should be performed by dierent participants in the process of
environmental safety.
From the point of view of regional authorities, rst of all, it is necessary
to decide whether certain functions for implementing environmental
management measures should be entrusted to specialized rms and, if so,
what limits of implementation and responsibility they are going to have.
Study of theoretical means and current state of environmental
responsibility system allows us to state that environmental goals for regions
of Ukraine dier in experience they were set by. But they must be united
into a common system for the country. Unifying motivational lever for
solving this crucial economic and, at the same time, social problem should
be a deep understanding that its solution should ensure healthy existence
of humanity, achieve better standard of living, create new jobs, ensure
healthy environment, reduce morbidity rate, and therefore, will achieve
qualitatively new standard of living and establishment of socio-economic
development of regions and economy. This multi-purpose direction is a
goal determinant of economic activity environmentalization among other
economic problems.
“Regional Report” of Department of Ecology and Natural Resources
of Zaporizhia Regional State Administration states that “country should
transit to innovation and technological development on the basis of certain
priorities in order to form national innovation system and holistic structure
of scientic and technical complex in the context of globalization. The main
directions of innovative development should be:
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Vol. 39 Nº 71 (2021): 871-883
• Ecological restructuring and ecological modernization of
production, which involves changing industry structure by reducing
demand for products of not environmentally friendly industries or
by modernizing enterprises – consumers of such products.
• Developing and using environmental technologies, in particular,
using technologies for waste disposal, resources recycling,
reclamation of disturbed lands.
• Implementing environmental management systems at industrial
enterprises, which is a modern mechanism for managing
environmental activities, whose functioning contributes to
improvement of enterprises environmental activity.
• Formulating ecological requirements for development of new ones,
introduction into practice of strict ecological control of existing
technologies in accordance with modern ecological norms and
standards” (Department of Ecology and Natural Resources, Regional
state administration of Zaporizhzha, Regional report on the state
of the environment in Zaporizhia region in 2017, Department of
Ecology And Natural Resources, 2018).
The main strategic directions for ecological development of other
Ukrainian region, city of Mykolaiv, in 2021 are dened the following:
• Utilization of household and industrial waste.
• Development of public transport and cycling.
• Environmental education.
• Environmental management of the city.
• Rational land use, etc., (Mykolayiv City Council, Ecological policy of
the city of Nikolaev, 2021).
One of the rst direction positions concerns activity of industrial
enterprises, which also substantiates decisive role of introduction and
development of environmental management in these and other enterprises.
Among indicators of sustainable environmental development are identied,
in particular, “sustainability of environmental management” in the direction
of increasing percentage of enterprises that carry out environmental
management procedures.
Dened areas of innovative development of regional innovation systems
and holistic structure of scientic and technical complex, able to function
in the context of globalization, indicate necessity to create methodological
basis for development of environmental management at industrial
enterprises in Ukraine.
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Viktoriia Nekhai, Svetlana Nesterenko, Oksana Marchenko, Svetlana Suprunenko y Tеtіana Khrystova
Restorative and productive methods of environmental management in the implementation of
environmental policy
To justify decisive role of implementing environmental management
at enterprises, it is necessary to understand its essence. Specialists’
and scientists’ views on importance of implementing environmental
management at enterprises of dierent economic areas are slightly dierent,
but they are united by common understanding of its mission. Environmental
management is “part of entire management system, covering organizational
structure, planning activities, allocation of responsibilities, practical work,
procedures, processes and resources for development, implementation,
achievement of goals, evaluation of environmental policy” (Varfolomeev,
2019).
According to scientists studying issues of environmental management
of enterprises, environmental management is aimed at minimizing
costs, increasing enterprise’s competitiveness and gaining customers’
creditworthiness in relations with all involved parts; contributes to eective
functioning of entire enterprise’s ecological and economic system.
A number of these and other advantages conrm relevance of
implementing eco-management at chemical enterprises. It is dicult to
disagree with this issue, considering that during the period when state
authorities’ and Ukrainians’ eorts are aimed at creating preconditions for
European integration, a country, which does not follow environmental rules
of coexistence in the world, might not receive creditworthiness. Scientic
developments of individual approaches to consolidation and development
of environmental management at enterprises of dierent economic sectors
and dierent economically based regions of the country are designed to
become a guarantee of solving general economic problems.
Ukrainian scientists L. Zos-Kior, M., Shkurupiy, O., Gnatenko, I.,
Fedirets, O., Shulzhenko, I. & Rubezhanskaya, V. in their work “Modeling
of the process of formation of the investment program of ecological
management of an agrarian cluster” Ukraine has “… preconditions to form
environmental management system, which is conrmed by existing legal
framework for environmental protection. But now it is underdeveloped.
Scattering of regulations relating to environmental management in
various laws and regulations of environmental legislation leads to its
ineectiveness. General state of environmental safety in Ukraine is quite
complex. There is a wide variety of factors (both natural and anthropogenic)
that ambiguate its condition in time-space aspect. This signicantly aects
environment and leads to deteriorating living conditions. Therefore, there
is an urgent need for comprehensive study and solution of problems
related to environmental safety (Zos-Kior et al, 2021a). Ensuring study
comprehensiveness and solution of problems related to environmental
safety is perhaps the most important scientic task in this direction.
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It is worth noting that in the territory of “Zaporizhia oblast” there are
such powerful industrial enterprises as private joint-stock companies
“Zaporizhzhya Iron Ore Plant”, “Zaporizhkoks”, “Zaporizhsklous”,
“Pology Oil Extraction Plant”, public joint-stock companies “Zaporozhye”
steel works”, “Ukrgrat”, “Zaporizhzhia Ferroalloys Plant”, Limited
Liability Company “Zaporizhzhya Titanium and Magnesium Plant” and
other powerful industrial enterprises. According to “Regional Report” of
Department of Ecology and Natural Resources of Zaporizhia Regional State
Administration at these enterprises: “…management decisions are made
that will increase natural resources eciency” (Department of Ecology and
Natural Resources, Regional state administration of Zaporizhzha, Regional
report on the state of the environment in Zaporizhia region in 2017,
Department Of Ecology And Natural Resources, 2018: 48).
Among measures are indicated those that are the main peculiarities of
environmental management (Fig. 1).
Figure 1. Environmental management peculiarities in
Department of Ecology and Natural Resources of Zaporizhia
Regional State Administration activities at regional enterprises
for eciency of using natural resources (summarized based
on funds (Department of Ecology and Natural Resources,
Regional state administration of Zaporizhzha, Regional report
on the state of the environment in Zaporizhia region in 2017,
Department of Ecology and Natural Resources, 2018).
878
Viktoriia Nekhai, Svetlana Nesterenko, Oksana Marchenko, Svetlana Suprunenko y Tеtіana Khrystova
Restorative and productive methods of environmental management in the implementation of
environmental policy
Measures mentioned by Department indicate signs of existence of
environmental management in view of purposefulness and complex nature
of environmental measures, which are coordinated by regional authorities.
To these measures, in our opinion, and from experience of implementing
environmental management, should be added the following:
• Using primary production waste in the same production process
from which it is obtained.
• Using production waste in other production processes.
It is obviously considered quite possible at enterprise level under the
conditions of purposeful ecological policy and introduction of ecological
management which should be presented by eective organizational
structure, rational planning of specied actions, allocation of responsibilities,
practical work, procedures and resources for development, implementation,
achievement of goals, evaluating achievements in implementation of
environmental policy.
Studying processes of environmentalization of enteprise production
processes, Chygryn, O. and Krasniak, V. (Chygryn et al, 2015) indicate the
following functional areas of environmental management : development
and implementation of technological processes and schemes that eliminate
or minimize waste and emissions of harmful substances water cycles and
drainage systems to save and protect against fresh water pollution as
one of the most scarce resources. Design and implementation of systems
for processing waste production and consumption, return to the main
production cycle of secondary material resources.
Development and implementation of fundamentally new processes
for obtaining traditional types of products and waste disposal. Creation
of regional industrial complexes, whose enterprises relate to waste
processing. Obviously, authors point out not only importance to ensure
comprehensiveness in solving environmental problems, but also
consolidation of eorts in this direction of regional enterprises. This is also
conrmed by scientists Zos-Kior M., Shkurupiy O., Gnatenko I., Fedirets
O., Shulzhenko I. And Rubezhanskaya V. indicating that: “Existence
of contradictions between natural environment and economic activity,
including functioning of agricultural clusters, has made essential production
transferring to a qualitatively new level associated with adaptation to
environmental conditions” (Zos-Kior et al., 2021b: 571).
Authors consider it necessary to establish priority environmental aspects
of enterprise, involve stakeholders and parties in planning enterprise’s
environmental activities, development and coordination of environmental
goals and objectives, dene criteria and indicators for evaluating results of
achieving environmental goals and objectives. Obviously, these measures
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are related to the fact that they can be implemented by environmental
management group.
However, as for any enterprise in the region, there are certain obstacles
in achieving environmental goals. By analogy: to introduce, for example,
marketing, the obstacle is so-called “inertia” of replacing marketing
with sales, i.e., partial implementation of marketing functions. Thus,
for environmental management system there is a problem of replacing
environmental management system with implementation of certain
environmental measures, which is neither systematic nor comprehensive.
This study has also identied such a problem as lack of funds for
implementing environmental projects, environmental management
measures for enterprises and for regional authorities. It is at least indicated
by enterprises’ representatives and cities and towns authorities, justifying
the fact that it is not economically justied to attract additional sta for full
functional implementation of environmental management.
But this might be considered as lack of competence using means
to implement environmental projects and plans. Thus, according to
Department of Ecology and Natural Resources of Zaporizhia Regional State
Administration, only 54.03% of Regional Fund for Environmental Protection
funds were used in 2017. And from local funds of environmental protection
(village, town, city, rayon) were used only 12.39% of funds (Department
of Ecology and Natural Resources, Regional state administration of
Zaporizhzha, Regional report on the state of the environment in Zaporizhia
region in 2017, Department Of Ecology And Natural Resources, 2018).
Thus, we can conclude that solving issue of nancial support of
environmental measures lacks competent management measures to involve
them.
The second method of environmental management, productive, which
is united with organization mission. This method is implemented at
enterprises which form a basis for ecological balance reproduction. One
of them – State Enterprise “Melitopol Forestry” of Zaporizhia Regional
Department of Forestry and Hunting is located in the southern part of
Zaporizhia oblast on the territory of 3 administrative rayons: Melitopol,
Yakymiv and Pryazovsk. It is relatively middle-sized enterprise of steppe
zone with consequently average volume of forestry – 3065.3 thousand
UAH, industrial production – 565.5 thousand UAH, agriculture – 594.7
thousand UAH.
Enterprise’s management uses scientically substantiated methods
to improve production, uses the latest technologies, forms of labour
organization, which allows to increase production, produce new products,
create new jobs. For such enterprises, environmental management is the
basis of management process. Activity goal, organization mission, strategic
880
Viktoriia Nekhai, Svetlana Nesterenko, Oksana Marchenko, Svetlana Suprunenko y Tеtіana Khrystova
Restorative and productive methods of environmental management in the implementation of
environmental policy
and tactical development plans are carried out in the direction of creating
environmental safety of our country by means of implementing ecosystem
management as a kind of environmental management.
According to forest ecosystem management researcher Gregory McGee’s
point of view, “forest ecologists have accumulated extensive experience
in environmental impact of traditional forest management practices and
realized importance to integrate knowledge about relationship between
forest structure and biodiversity into modern management practices.
This contributed to development of forest ecosystem management, which
was applied by various foresters on public and private land plots in the hope
of improving ecological condition of forests in the world” (McGee, 2015).
Ecosystem management unites mission of regional forest management and
environmental safety management of the region, it reproduces what is lost
in the result of production activities of industrial enterprises. It is implied
to support ecosystem structure, models, and processes within natural
boundaries. Protected areas, monitoring and adaptive management are
additional elements.
For State Enterprise “Melitopol Forestry” together with mission of
improving regional ecological condition, there is a production issue and
environmental management is part of management system of its production
activities. Like any manufacturing enterprise, it must coordinate its
activities with general rules of environmental safety. Wood obtained from
logging is mainly sent to processing plant or processed on site. In processing
plant, wood is processed into lumber and other products made of wood.
At logging sites, wood is processed into technological rewood, which is
exported to Zaporizhzhya Aluminum Plant. The annual export is more than
1000 m3 of wood. The plant also procures fuel chunks, which are delivered
to consumers by enterprises’ transport.
Essence of implementing productive method of environmental
management of SE “Melitopol Forestry” lies in forestry, which acts as main
independent production in enterprise’s production structure. This activity’s
goal is forest management, protecting state ownership of forests, protecting
forests from res, protecting forests from diseases and pests. The main goal
of forest management is organizing forests’ usage, and thus implementing
environmental management at regional level.
Organization of ecological management at State Enterprise “Melitopol
Forestry” is aimed primarily at rational using natural resources of state
forest fund. A great role in enterprise’s activities used to belong to eld
aorestation, especially planting in ravines, gullies, and aorestation of
unproductive lands unsuitable for agriculture, riverbanks and reservoirs.
In addition, forests are of sanitary and aesthetic importance and are a rest
area for this region residents. These functions are of great environmental
and economic importance for regional environmental safety.
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To implement innovative methodological approaches to ensure
introduction and eective functioning of environmental management system
in management system of modern enterprises to achieve environmental
goals of any region of the country we should take into account opinion of
such authors as Lipich L. and Hlubitska T. who consider that “in order
to ensure environmental management eectiveness at enterprise it is
necessary:
1) To develop for each waste type progressive ways of their usage, which
would not only reduce waste amount at enterprise and in forest, but
also bring environmental and economic benets.
2) To pay attention at such ways of problem solving, which would
reduce production activities impact on the environment.
3) To create innovative mechanism for implementing environmental
management systems at Ukrainian enterprises. In the modern
period of scientic and technological progress, along with increasing
environmental demands for production technologies, environmental
management becomes essential decisive economic factor, which
denes further eective economy development. Thus, it is necessary
to consider environmental demands to management of production,
new product development, marketing operations, personnel, nance,
that is necessity to form environmental management at enterprises”
(Lipich et al, 2013).
To ensure eectiveness of environmental management as organizational
and methodological measures for their consolidation, it is reasonable to
recommend the following priorities dened by authors:
• Guaranteeing comprehensive company’s sta awareness of
environmental goals of the region and the country.
• Improving organizational structures of enterprise management by
creating environmental management department.
• Providing enterprise management system with human, technical,
information resources essential for environmental management
functioning.
• Enterprise adaptation to ecological legal sector not only in Ukraine,
but also in other countries.
• Permanent monitoring of environnemental activités of other
entreprises.
• Using world experience of ecological management implementation
to achieve regional ecological goals.
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Viktoriia Nekhai, Svetlana Nesterenko, Oksana Marchenko, Svetlana Suprunenko y Tеtіana Khrystova
Restorative and productive methods of environmental management in the implementation of
environmental policy
• Popularization and promotion of ecological values through
dissemination of information on ecological legislation, experience
of achieving ecological stability in countries, regions.
Recommended measures implementation should become indicators for
environmental management introduction to achieve environmental goals
of the region and the country.
Conclusions
Solving environmental problems is always a priority for the sustainable
functioning of the regions of our country. It is substantiated that for the
implementation of environmental policy it is functionally important to use
productive and regenerative methods (denitions recommended in this
paper) of environmental management.
The introduction of a regenerative method of environmental
management to achieve the strategic goal of regional development policy
requires the coordination of economic goals of enterprises that form the
industrial base of the region and the goals of its environmental policy. The
orientation of management at industrial enterprises to the implementation
of innovative science-based measures that support environmental safety is
a sign of the development of the concept of environmental management in
all economic management activities.
The system of environmental management in Ukraine is dened and
regulated by the Law of Ukraine “On Environmental Protection”, which
was adopted at the beginning of the proclamation of independent Ukraine.
However, the methodological foundations that develop the environmental
principles of enterprises in the region are insuciently developed. The
initiative of scientists and work on the development of environmental
management methodology are promising for laying the foundations for
achieving environmental policy goals.
The work was carried out within the framework of the scientic topics
«Formation of an eective system management of enterprises in the region»
(state registration number : 0121U109915).
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6 Some cited sources only have the initial of the name of the author or authors because it was impossible
to locate their full name as stable the standard of this journal.
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Esta revista fue editada en formato digital y publicada
en diciembre de 2021, por el Fondo Editorial Serbiluz,
Universidad del Zulia. Maracaibo-Venezuela
Vol.39 Nº 71
