Jorge Javier Meza Aguilar

Alexander Regulo Rodríguez Berrio

Edwin Amado Mendoza Hidalgo

Rev. Fac. Agron. (LUZ). 2022, 39(2): e223925

ISSN 2477-9407

DOI: https://doi.org/10.47280/RevFacAgron(LUZ).v39.n2.03

Crop Production

Associate editor: Dr. Francisco Osorio-Acosta

Colegio de Postgraduados Campus Veracruz Mexico

Tepetates, Veracruz, MX

Keywords:

Fruit y

Mangifera indica

McPhail traps

Hydrolyzed protein

Population dynamics

Population fluctuation of Anastrepha spp. in Creole mango in four locations in Vinces,

Ecuador

Fluctuación poblacional de Anastrepha spp. en mango criollo en cuatro localidades de Vinces,

Ecuador

Flutuação populacional de Anastrepha spp. em manga crioula em quatro locais em Vinces, Equador

Universidad de Guayaquil, Facultad de Ingeniería

Agronómica, Cdla. Universitaria-Universidad de Guayaquil

entre Av. Delta s/n y Av. Kennedy. Guayaquil, Ecuador.

Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Facultad de

Ingeniería Agronómica. Dpto: Lima; Provincia: Lima;

Distrito: La Molina. Dirección: Av: La Universidad s/n.

Universidad Técnica de Babahoyo. Facultad de Ciencias

Agropecuarias. Dirección. Av. Universitaria km 21/2 Av.

Montalvo. Babahoyo, Ecuador.

Received: 13-11-2021

Accepted: 22-02-2022

Published: 31-03-2022

Abstract

Within the genus Anastrepha, we nd species that are key pests in

fruit and vegetable crops and of quarantine importance for fruit importing

countries. The knowledge of population uctuation of these pests, in certain

areas is a starting point for designing control strategies. The population

uctuation of fruit ies was evaluated in four localities of the Vinces canton,

province of Los Ríos (La Americana, Santa Martha, Primavera and Pavana),

using McPhail traps with hydrolyzed protein as bait. Three traps per site

located on fruit y host plants were checked weekly, in order to determine

the y.trap

-1

.day

-1

(MTD) index and its correlation with climatic variables.

The results show that the population peak is concentrated in December, with

a MTD of 5.94, with a temperature of 27.40 °C and 78% relative humidity.

A moderate positive correlation was found between the number of captured

insects and the temperature expressed in °C, with a correlative value r

0.61 and a negative correlation with relative humidity (r

= -0.64). The

most abundant species was Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) with 3,111

specimens, of which 1,055 were found in La Americana, the location with

the highest infestation.

This scientic publication in digital format is a continuation of the Printed Review: Legal Deposit pp 196802ZU42, ISSN 0378-7818.

Rev. Fac. Agron. (LUZ). 2022, 39(2): e223925. April - June. ISSN 2477-9407.2-7 |

Resumen

Dentro del género Anastrepha, encontramos especies que

son plagas clave en cultivos frutihortícolas y de importancia

cuarentenaria para los países importadores de fruta. Conocer la

uctuación poblacional de estas especies plagas en determinadas

zonas, es un punto de partida para diseñar estrategias de control. Se

evaluó la uctuación poblacional de las moscas de la fruta en cuatro

localidades del cantón Vinces, provincia de Los Ríos (La Americana,

Santa Martha, Primavera y Pavana), para ello se utilizaron trampas

McPhail, con proteína hidrolizada como cebo. Tres trampas por sitio

ubicadas en plantas hospederas de moscas de la fruta, revisadas con

frecuencia semanal, a n de determinar el índice de mosca.trampa

-1

.día

-1

(MTD) y su correlación con las variables climáticas. Los resultados

muestran que el pico poblacional se concentra en diciembre con

un MTD de 5,94 con temperatura de 27,40 ºC y 78% de humedad

relativa, Se encontró una correlación positiva moderada entre el

número de insectos capturados y la temperatura expresada ºC, con un

valor correlativo de r

= 0,61 y en contraposición correlación negativa

con la humedad relativa (r

= -0,64). La especie más abundante fue

Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) con 3.111 especímenes de

los cuales 1.055 se encontraron en La Americana, sitio con mayor

infestación.

Palabras claves: Moscas de la fruta, Mangifera indica, Trampeo,

trampas McPhail, proteína hidrolizada, dinámica poblacional.

Resumo

Dentro do gênero Anastrepha, existem espécies que são pragas

chave nas culturas de frutas e vegetais e de importância quarentenária

para os países importadores de frutas. Conhecer a utuação

populacional dessas espécies de pragas em certas áreas é um ponto

de partida para o desenho de estratégias de controle. A utuação

populacional da mosca-das-frutas foi avaliada em quatro localidades

do cantão de Vinces, província de Los Ríos (La Americana, Santa

Martha, Primavera e Pavana), para isso foram utilizadas armadilhas

McPhail, com proteína hidrolisada como isca. Três armadilhas

por local em plantas hospedeiras de mosca-das-frutas, revisadas

semanalmente, a m de determinar o índice mosca

-1

.armadilha

-1

.dia

-1

(MTD) e sua correlação com as variáveis climáticas. Os resultados

mostram que o pico populacional se concentra em dezembro com

MTD de 5,94 com temperatura de 27,40 ºC e 78% de umidade

relativa do ar. Foi encontrada correlação positiva moderada entre o

número de insetos capturados e a temperatura expressa em ºC, com

um correlativo valor de r

= 0,61 e em contraste correlação negativa

com a umidade relativa (r

= -0,64).. A espécie mais abundante foi

Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) com 3,111 exemplares, dos

quais 1,055 foram encontrados em La Americana, o local com maior

infestação.

Palavras-chave: Fruit ies, Mangifera indica, Trapping, Armadilhas

McPhail, proteína hidrolisada, Dinâmica populacional.

Introduction

Anastrepha Schiner (Diptera: Tephritidae) is a genus endemic

to the Americas, distributed from the South of The United States

to the North of Argentina, where important pest species are

included (Hernandez-Ortiz et al., 2010). Within this genus, more

than 200 species have been described such as Anastrepha grandis

(Macquart), A. fraterculus (Wiedemann), A. ludens (Loew), A.

obliqua (Macquart), A. striata (Schiner), A. suspensa (Loew) and A.

serpentina (Wiedemann) pests of economic importance (Norrbom

and Korytkowski, 2011).

The ies of the genus Anastrepha in Ecuador are associated

with 56 host plant species, grouped into 23 botanical families. The

Rutaceae, Myrtaceae and Sapotaceae families record six species

of fruit ies each. Psidium guajava L. with seven fruit y species,

Annona cherimola Mill. and Pouteria lúcuma (Ruiz and Pay) with six

species, are the main hosts in Ecuador (Tigrero, 2019).

The diversity of thermal oors in Ecuador has allowed the

cultivation of several fruit species throughout the year, thus favoring

the increase in Anastrepha spp. populations, generating an economic

and social damage to the producer due to the deterioration in fruit

quality and decrease in yield (Son et al., 2019).

In the Vinces area, ies of the genus Anastrepha are important

pests in different fruit crops, being the ‘‘sucking’’ Creole mango one

of their main hosts, especially in dry season (Gabriel-Ortega et al.,

2017) where the infestation levels are estimated at 29.5% (Morales-

Viteri, 2012).

The sucking mango is the most desired Creole variety in the

domestic market, with a smooth yellow skin, yellow pulp with a

pleasant avor, average weight of 120 g, 10 to 17 cm in length by 5 to

7 cm in diameter, high ber content and bulky size of the seed, these

characteristics make it unqualied for the world market (Lozada,

2013).

Currently, there are some methods to eliminate these phytophagous

diptera in postharvest such as exposing the fruit to hot air and/or

hydrothermal treatments (Gómez-Simuta et al., 2017), controlled

atmospheres, etc., in pre-harvest, the preventive method using traps

and food attractants is still the most effective.

Navarro (2012) states that the correct layout of the trapping system

for Anastrepha, is a precondition for making effective decisions in

control programs aimed at suppressing pests and establishing free or

low prevalence areas.

Therefore, the objective of this research was to evaluate the

population uctuation of Anastrepha spp., in the Creole mango

variety in four localities of the Vinces canton, in order to learn more

about the biology of these pest dipterans, and in turn to make future

decisions about their management and control in this area.

Materials and methods

Study location

It was carried out in four localities. Primavera (1°40’45.9 S,

79°47’28.8 W), Pavana (1°43’17.5 S, 79°46’12.3 W), Santa Martha

(1°35’42.7 S, 79°50’34.0 W) and La Americana (1°39’27.9 S,

79°49’36, 2 W) belonging to the Vinces canton, Los Ríos province, in

individual trees of sucking Creole mango cultivar that form a diverse

ecosystem, where cocoa, banana, rice and corn crops predominate.

The research was developed from October 2018 to September 2019.

Vinces has a tropical rainy climate, average temperature of 26.5 °C

and an average annual precipitation of 1,400 mm with 800 hours

of heliophany per year and 14 mamsl, belonging to the tropical dry

forest, characterized by presenting two seasons. The dry season

(summer) from July to December and the wet or rainy season (winter)

from January to June.

Population uctuation of species of the genus Anastrepha

To determine the population uctuation of ies of the genus

Anastrepha, a standardized sampling system was designed using

This scientic publication in digital format is a continuation of the Printed Review: Legal Deposit pp 196802ZU42, ISSN 0378-7818.

Guevara-Hernández et al. Rev. Fac. Agron. (LUZ). 2022, 39(2): e2239253-7 |

McPhail traps baited with the food attractant, hydrolyzed protein

(12.5 mL of hydrolyzed protein, 7.5 g of Borax and 230 mL of

water). A total of 250 mL of the solution was used and three traps

were placed per location, always placed in “sucking” Creole mango

plants. The monitoring frequency was weekly, the distance between

traps was 100 m, placed between three and four meters high, where

there was some shade. The captured ies were conditioned in jars

with 70% alcohol and transferred to the entomophagous laboratory of

the Facultad de Ciencias para el Desarrollo de Vinces for subsequent

identication. In the identication a binocular stereoscope microscope

(Nikon R, model YS-100) with micrometer and graduated scale and

the taxonomic keys of Korytkowski (2001) and Tejada (2002) were

used. The identied ies were left in the laboratory of the Facultad de

Ciencias para el Desarrollo.

The number of adults captured weekly (Absolute abundance) per

trap was transformed to the y.trap

-1

.day

-1

(MTD) index, where the

number of captured ies was divided by multiplying the number of

traps and the exposure time of the trap in the eld.

Fruits damaged by Anastrepha spp and percentage of adult

emergence

The percentage of damaged fruits and percentage of adult

emergence were determined with the formulas proposed by Núñez et

al. (2004) and Schliserman and Ovruski (2004), where % of damage

= Number of damaged fruits/ total fruits analyzed x 100 and the

percentage of emergence = Number of emerged adults/ number of

puparia x 100.

For the percentage of damaged fruits, semi-ripe mango fruit

(Mangifera indica L.); was collected weekly from the tree in the four

locations; guava (Psidium guajava L.); plum (Spondias purpurea

L.); jobo (Spondias mombin L.) and cuaje (Pouteria caimito (Ruiz

& Pav.) Radlk), the collected fruits were taken to the entomophagous

laboratory of the Facultad de Ciencias para el Desarrollo, where

they were washed with running water and then placed in breeding

boxes for four days, on the fth day the fruits were dissected to check

whether or not there was the presence of Anastrepha larvae and thus

determine the percentage of damaged fruits.

To establish the percentage of adult emergence, new fruits were

collected from the aforementioned host plant species of Anastrepha

spp, the collected fruits were placed in recovery boxes of 2 kg

capacity and covered with a metal grid. Moistened ne sand was

placed at the base of the box where the larvae could pupate. The

pupae were collected by sifting the sand and placed in Petri dishes

until the emergence of the adults, which were placed in 70% alcohol

until identication.

Statistical analysis

The Pearson correlation coefcient was determined between

the MTD and the climatic variables (temperature, humidity and

precipitation) during the dry and wet seasons in the four sectors under

study, in addition, a completely randomized analysis was performed

with a signicance level of 5% (α=0.05) comparing the Anastrepha

species identied, using the statistical package: SAS (Statistical

Analysis System) (SAS 1998). Meteorological data were obtained

from the Babahoyo UTB meteorological station (1º 47’49 “S and 79º

32’ 0 “W).

Results and discussion

Anastrepha abundance by month and time of year

A total of 4,467 tephritid ies were captured, 2,647 females and

1,820 males, the peak population occurred in December 2018 with

2,138 specimens and an MTD index of 5.94 (table 1).

The high MTD index reached in December coincides with the

transition from the dry season to the wet season and above all with the

greater abundance of ripe plum and mango fruit, a species considered

among the main hosts of Anastrepha and the most abundant in the

Vinces area (table 2). While in July and August the MTD index was

low due to the low availability of food, for those months there are

ripe fruits of papaya (Carica papaya L.), a species poorly accepted

by Anastrepha spp, guava (Inga edulis C. Mart) and mamey (Pouteria

sapota (Jacquin), which are not very abundant hosts in the study area

(table 2). Climatic factors (temperature and relative humidity) would

have little inuence on the population uctuation of the pest, since

there were only minor uctuations in these environmental factors

during the study.

Table 1. Abundance of Anastrepha spp. by time of year (dry

and wet) in Vinces canton, Ecuador, between October

2018-September 2019.

Months Seasons

Abundance

Anastrepha

ºC

Temperature

Relative

humidity

Precipitation

(mm)

October Dry 25 27.36 81 9.1

November Dry 680 26.77 79 0

December Dry 2138 27.4 78 30.4

January Wet 970 27.13 85 278.9

February Wet 626 26.79 88 449.8

March Wet 15 26.84 87 420.8

April Wet 2 26.9 86 250.4

May Wet 2 26.87 90 69.3

June Wet 5 26.8 91 1

July Dry 1 26.68 89 0

August Dry 1 26.68 87 0

September Dry 2 26.77 85 0

Average 372.25 26.89 85.5 125.81

Standard deviation 0.193 4.01 167.27

Source: Own elaboration

Fruit y populations can vary from one year to another in

correspondence with climatic conditions and host availability

(Tucuch-Cauich et al., 2008). Similar results are reported by Ruiz-

Graus(2020), for Olmos, Lambayeque region, Peru, where the highest

MTD index (2.85) occurs in January with maximum temperatures of

34.2 °C and 65% relative humidity. In another study (Conde-Blanco

et al., 2018) for the municipality of Caranivi, Bolivia, report that

Anastrepha spp, reached its population peak in December with high

temperatures and ripening of mangoes and oranges. On the other hand,

Cañadas et al. (2014) for Santa Elena, Ecuador, indicate an explosion

of the A. fraterculus population at the beginning of the rainy season

and the second half of the year, where the dry weather prevails.

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Rev. Fac. Agron. (LUZ). 2022, 39(2): e223925. April - June. ISSN 2477-9407.4-7 |

Table 2. Production season and fruits of the host fruit ies in Vinces, Ecuador.

Species Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep

Mango (Mangifera indica L.)

Pechiche (Vitex gigantea H.B. K)

Jobo (Spondias mombin L.)

Papaya (Carica papaya L.)

Guava (Inga edulis C. Mart)

Mamey (Pouteria sapota (Jacquin)

Cauje (Pouteria caimito)

Zapote (Matisia cordata Bonpl.)

Plum (Spondias purpurea L.)

Sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L.)

Guava (Psidium guajava L.)

Low fruit production High fruit production

Source: Own elaboration

MTD index by location – month

From November 2018 to February 2019 the MTD index for all

localities was higher than 0.5 ies per trap, a value that according

to the Colombian Agricultural Institute (ICA) is the reference

index from which chemical control measures can be applied for

Anastrepha spp. December presented the highest percentage (47.86

%) of ies trapped and the highest MTD in all localities. The highest

MTD (8.27) was found in the Primavera locality; followed by the

Pavana locality with 7.64; while in La Americana locality with 6.44

and Santa Martha with 1.40 (gure 1). The higher MTD recorded

in December (dry season) is explained by the greater abundance of

ripe fruits of Creole mango, the main host of Anastrepha in Vinces.

The low MTD recorded between March and September 2019 would

be due to the lower availability of host fruits, the host species (guava

and cauje) with ripe fruits in those months are not very abundant in

the study areas. Similar results were reported by Tucuch-Cauich et

al. (2008) and Vanoye-Eligio et al. (2015) who found the highest

MTD index in December, in the presence of ripe mango and sweet

orange fruits. While Araujo et al. (2005) in Rio Grande do Norte,

captured the largest number of ies in the last quarter of the year,

with C. capitata being the only species associated at that time

with mango fruits, while Ruiz-Graus (2020) obtained the highest

capture indexes between May and July on the coast of Ceará.

MTD

Primavera

Pavana

Santa Martha

La Americana

Figure 1. Capture index of Anastrepha spp. in four localities of

Vinces, Ecuador.

When correlating the climatic variables (temperature, relative

humidity and precipitation) with the MTD of the localities, no

signicant difference was found (P ≤ 0.05). A moderate positive

correlation was found between the number of captured insects

and temperature expressed in ºC, (r

= 0.61) and a low positive

correlation (r

= 0.05) between the number of captured insects and

precipitation; on the other hand, between the number of insects and

relative humidity, the variables were inversely related (r

= -0.64),

nding signicance (P≤ 0.05). As is known, the abundance of fruit

ies is determined by abiotic (temperature, humidity, precipitation)

and biotic factors (availability of host species, vegetation type and

food availability) (Montoya-Alvarez et al, 2014). Results differ

from those reported by Ramos-Peña et al. (2019) for the Abancay

valley, Apurimac, Peru, who found a negative correlation between

maximum temperature and the number of ies captured (r

-0.692). Meanwhile (Calore et al., 2013) in Pindorama-SP, Brazil

did not verify a correlation between the population of ies captured

with precipitation, but did nd signicance with temperatures

(minimum, average and maximum), indicating that the increase in

the population of fruit ies was favored by high temperatures.

MTD index of Anastrepha species recorded by locality

The richness of the most abundant Anastrepha species in the

four localities was similar, Anastrepha fraterculus, Anastrepha

obliqua, Anastrepha serpentina and Anastrepha striata were

identied. The most abundant species was A. fraterculus with 1,055

specimens in La Americana; 971 in Primavera; 856 in Pavana and

229 in Santa Martha. Statistical analysis reported highly signicant

differences (P=0.001) of A. fraterculus with an average of 778 per

locality compared to the other species, which obtained averages of

208 for A. oblicua, 68 for A. serpentina and 64 for A. striata. The

prevalence of A. fraterculus would be due to its high polyphagia;

in Ecuador it is associated with 33 plant species (Tigrero, 2019).

Similar results were obtained by Ramos-Peña et al. (2019) in

Abancay, Apurímac, Peru and Gonzáles et al. (2011) in Coroico,

Bolivia, in both investigations the predominant species was A.

fraterculus.

The population uctuation of the Anastrepha species by locality

and month presented variations. In Primavera (gure 2) the highest

MTD was recorded in December for the A. fraterculus and A.

This scientic publication in digital format is a continuation of the Printed Review: Legal Deposit pp 196802ZU42, ISSN 0378-7818.

Guevara-Hernández et al. Rev. Fac. Agron. (LUZ). 2022, 39(2): e2239255-7 |

oblicua species with values of 6.26 and 1.03. For Pavana (gure

2) the A. fraterculus and A. serpentina species reached the highest

MTD index in December with values of 6.40; 0.88 and 0.18. In

Santa Marta (gure 2) A. fraterculus and A. serpentina recorded

the highest populations in December with a MTD of 1.16 and

0.04. Finally, in La Americana sector (gure 2) A. fraterculus and

A. serpentina recorded the highest MTD in December with values

of 4.42 and 0.43. The higher MTD reached in December would

be related to the greater availability of hosts, which is conrmed

by Vilatuña et al. (2010) who state that fruit y populations are

associated with host availability. The results of the present study

are different from those reported by Emanoel da Costa Alves et al.

(2020) who in Seridó in eastern Paraíba found the highest MTD in

mango in July (0.51), August (4.31) and September (1.72). While

Bermúdez-Vera et al. (2020) in Chone, Manabi, recorded a MTD of

0.20 ies per day of trap exposure.

OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP

MTD

MONTHS

Pavana

OCT

NOV

DEC

JAN

FEB

MAR

APR

MAY

JUN

JUL

AUG

SEP

MTD

MONTHS

Santa Martha

OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP

MTD

MONTHS

La Americana

OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP

MTD

MONTHS

Primavera

Figure 2. MTD index of Anastrepha species in the different

localities.

Adult recovery and infestation level

A total of 511 ies grouped into four species were recovered. The

most abundant species was A. fraterculus with 48.92%; followed by

A. obliqua with 21.72%; A. striata with 20.55% and A. leptozona

with 8.81%. The largest number of ies was recovered from mango

(210), equivalent to 41.10%, A. fraterculus with 59.05% was the

dominant species. A total of 822 mango fruits were collected, i.e., it

had a targeted sampling during the present study, from 4 to 8 times

more compared to other host species. From guava, 124 ies were

rescued, which is equivalent to 24.27%, A. fraterculus with 65.32%

was the dominant species; 12.72% were rescued from jobo; 13.11%

from plum and 8.81% from cauje (table 3). The highest percentage

of ies rescued from mango and guava would be due to the fact

that mango is the most abundant fruit species and guava the most

susceptible in the study area. Similar results are reported by Ruiz-

Graus (2020) in Olmos, Lambayeque region, Peru, recovering 264

ies from Creole mango fruits in two successive seasons (2017-

2018), 144 in the rst and 120 in the second. In coincidence Púcker

and Marité (2015) in Chao and Viru, La Libertad, recovered the

highest number of ies in guava and mango fruits.

Of the ve plant species monitored, 1,465 fruits were collected,

on average 21.09% showed damage by Anastrepha. The highest

percentage of damaged fruits (34.63%) was found in guava,

conrming the high susceptibility of this species to the attack of

Anastrepha. The fruits of mango presented the lowest damage

percentage (18.13%) (table 3), due to the greater abundance of

fruits, the presence of an exocarp with numerous resinous ducts,

and less susceptibility to Anastrepha attack (Aluja et al. 2014),

fruit rmness (Díaz-Fleischer and Aluja, 2003). Different results

were found by Obregón (2017) in the Socco and Amoca - Apurímac

sectors, chirimoya presented 83.3% infestation by A. distincta, A.

schultzi and A. fraterculus species, followed by guava with 73.8%,

being A. schultzi, A. fraterculus and A. distincta the most frequent

species. While Miranda-Salcedo (2018) in Michoacán in marginal

orchards of creole mango found 39% of damaged fruits, being the

identied species A. ludens (85%), A. striata (12%) and A. obliqua

(3%).

Table 3. Hosts and recovery of Anastrepha adults in Vinces, Ecuador.

Plant species

Anastrepha

species

Nº of

recovered adults

Nº of

collected fruits

Percentage

of damage/fruit

Percentage

of emergence (adult/fruit)

Mango (Mangifera indica)

A. fraterculus

124

822 18.13 25.55

A. striata

A. oblicua

Plum (Spondias purpurea)

A. fraterculus

243 20.16 27.57

A. striata

A. oblicua

Jobo (Spondias mombin)

A. fraterculus

93 21.51 69.89

A. striata

A. oblicua

Guava (Psidium guajava) A. fraterculus

81 231 34.63 53.68

A. striata

A. oblicua

Cauje (Pouteria caimito) A. leptozona

45 76 14.47 59.21

Source: Author’s elaboration

This scientic publication in digital format is a continuation of the Printed Review: Legal Deposit pp 196802ZU42, ISSN 0378-7818.

Rev. Fac. Agron. (LUZ). 2022, 39(2): e223925. April - June. ISSN 2477-9407.6-7 |

Adults of Anastrepha emerged from 100% of the evaluated

plant species. The highest percentage, 87.5%, was found in April

for jobo, in March for cauje with 81.57%, and in mango 45% in

December (gure 3). The high indexes of adult emergence in most

of the plant species sampled are explained by the low abundance of

these species in the study area, the absence of management practices

and the polyphagia of the Anastrepha species identied.

Figure 3. Level of infestation by fruit species and time of year.

Conclusions

The population uctuation of fruit ies is associated with the

fruiting period of the host plant species. The maximum populations

were recorded in the transition from the dry season to the wet season

(December-January), coinciding with the greatest abundance of ripe

Creole mango fruits, temperatures higher than 27.40°C and lower

relative humidity (78%).

Of the Anastrepha species identied (A. fraterculus, A.

serpentina, A. striata and A. obliqua), A. fraterculus predominates

in all four locations. La Americana recorded the highest incidence

of the pest and percentage of damaged fruits.

Four species of Anastrepha (A. fraterculus, A. obliqua, A.striata

and A. leptozona) were also recovered from fruits, being A.

fraterculus with 48.92% the most recovered species, from mango,

the highest percentage of tephritid ies (41.10%) was rescued

in December, where A. fraterculus with 59.05% is the dominant

species.

The present research provides basic information useful

for designing management strategies for Anastrepha spp. in

the localities under study and in other localities with similar

agroclimatic conditions.

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